Introduction: Non-pharmacological interventions that promote quality of life in people with dementia are urgently needed. To accelerate development, evidencebased psychotherapies used in other populations can be considered. Mindfulnessbased interventions with standardised protocols, namely mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), may be effective in people with dementia, although tailoring for cognitive impairment may be needed. Evidence from other cognitive disorders can inform research. Areas covered: The authors reviewed 12 studies of MBCT or MBSR conducted in people with cognitive impairments, including ten in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and mild cognitive impairment; and two in dementia. Protocol modifications, outcomes, and evidence quality were analysed. Common themes to address cognitive difficulties included: shortened session duration, use of memory aids, increase in repetition, simplified language, and omitted retreat sessions. Expert opinion: MBCT and MBSR can be applied without drastic modifications in people with cognitive impairment. Their effectiveness in people with dementia remains unknown: empirical studies using/adapting evidence based MBCT/MBSR protocols in this population is seriously lacking. Studies used a diverse range of outcome measures, which made direct comparison difficult. Further research with high methodological quality, sufficient power and longer follow-up are urgently needed. Development of manuals would enhance the replicability of future studies.