Predicting Misuse and Disuse of Combat Identification Systems

Dzindolet, Mary T.; Pierce, Linda G.; Beck, Hall P.; Dawe, Lloyd A.; Anderson, B. Wayne

doi:10.1207/s15327876mp1303_2

Cited by 114 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Findings indicated that although war fighters could accurately hit targets when sleep deprived, they had difficulties identifying them. Finally, research examining the impact of automated systems (similar to combat ID systems) has indicated that people underutilize or overutilize automation (e.g., Dzindolet, Pierce, Beck, Dawe, & Anderson, 2001;Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). Furthermore, although technology has improved, it is not infallible; technology will fail or will simply not be available.…”

Section: Fratricide: Causes and Technological Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Errors in the Heat of Battle: Taking a Closer Look at Shared Cognition Breakdowns Through Teamwork

et al. 2007

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Objective: We developed a theoretically based taxonomy for classifying shared cognition breakdowns related to teamwork which contribute to fratricide incidents. Background: Fratricide on the battlefield is an inescapable cost of war. A number of technological advancements have been made in terms of combat identification systems to reduce the risk of these incidents. However, fratricide continues to occur at alarming rates. Method: We take a human-centered approach to understanding errors leading to fratricide incidents by focusing on shared cognition. We turn to the literature and provide the theoretical foundations for an error classification taxonomy to improve understanding of why fratricide incidents occur. Results: Based on our review of the literature, we identified a number of problem areas leading to fratricide incidents. However, many of the cited contributing factors were broad terms (e.g., poor coordination) and did little to tell us why the breakdown occurred and where improvements are needed. Therefore, we chose to focus on one specific area — teamwork breakdowns — and discuss in depth how these breakdowns contribute to fratricide. Conclusion: In this paper, we take a first step toward proposing a taxonomy that allows for the diagnostic assessment of what causes teamwork breakdowns in fratricide. We understand that a taxonomy is only as good as the data available and encourage richer case studies from which to learn. Application: To apply this taxonomy in an operational setting, we provide a set of behavioral markers that can be used to identify teamwork breakdowns on the battlefield.

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Section: Fratricide: Causes and Technological Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Errors in the Heat of Battle: Taking a Closer Look at Shared Cognition Breakdowns Through Teamwork

et al. 2007

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“…Indeed, with technological advancements fratricide rates have actually steadily increased since the Second World War (Rasmussen, 2007). Some research has focused on technological countermeasures, although problems arise when reliability is less than perfect with these systems, which is often the case (Dzindolet, Pierce, Beck, Dawe, & Anderson, 2001;Kogler, 2003;Parasuraman & Riley, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friendly Fire in a Simulated Firearms Task

Wilson

Head

Helton

2013

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Factors such as poor visibility, lack of situation awareness, and bad communication have been shown to contribute to friendly fire incidents. However, to the authors' knowledge, an individual's ability to inhibit their motor response of shooting when a non-target is presented has not been investigated. This phenomenon has been modeled empirically using the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART; Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, 1997) computer task. The SART is generally a high Go/low No-Go detection task whereby participants respond to numerous neutral stimuli and withhold to rare targets. In the current investigation, we further investigate the SART using a simulated small arms scenario to test whether lack of motor response inhibition can be modeled in a more ecologically valid environment. Additionally, we were interested in how error rates were impacted in low Go/high No-Go versions of the task. Thirteen university students completed a computer and simulated small arms scenario in a SART and low Go condition. Both the computer and small arms scenario revealed similar speedaccuracy trade-offs indicating participants' inability to halt their pre-potent responses to targets even in a more ecologically valid environment. The SART may be used in future studies to model friendly fire scenarios.

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“…Evidence of automation bias had been found in various domains, e.g. in aviation [21,22], luggage screening [16], process control [23], military [24], command and control [25], and health care [26].…”

Section: Inappropriate Automation Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They called this effect cognitive anchoring. Studies have also shown that people generally trust in automated systems and consider them more reliable than manual operation ("perfect automation schema"; [24]) or other people [18,31,36]. Those positive attitudes may result a higher tendency to rely on the aid and comply with its suggestions, i.e.…”

Section: Aims Of the Study And Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, providing inspectors with information about why the automated system might err may lead to a more appropriate trust and selection of better discriminating strategies-by allowing them to better discriminate between reliability of the aid and their own reliability [16,24,27]. In addition, the knowledge about how the automation works leads to a more appropriate automation use [11].…”

Section: Implications Of the Study For The Ndt Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

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A human factors perspective on the use of automated aids in the evaluation of NDT data

Bertovic

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In comparison to manual NDT methods, mechanized NDT is considered to be more reliable for a number of reasons, one of which being that the role of the inspectors and, therewith, the potential for human error, have been reduced. However, human-automation interaction research suggests that in spite of its numerous benefits, automation can lead to new yet unknown risks. One of those risks is inappropriate reliance on automation, which can result in automation misuse and disuse. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential inappropriate use of automation (specificallythe automated aids) in NDT addressing therewith the prevalent belief in the high reliability of automation held by the NDT community. To address this issue, 70 NDT trainees were asked to control the results of an eddy current data evaluation, allegedly provided by an automated aid, i.e. indication detection and sizing software. Seven errors were implemented into the task and it was measured to what extent the participants agreed with the aid. The results revealed signs of both misuse (agreeing with the aid even though it is incorrect) and disuse (disagreeing with the aid even though it is correct) of the aid that can affect the reliability with which inspections are carried out. Whereas misuse could be explained by a lower propensity to take risks and by a decreased verification behavior-possibly due to bias towards automation and complacent behavior-, disuse was assigned to problems in establishing the sizing criterion or to general difficulties in sizing. The implications of these results for the NDT praxis including suggestions for the decrease of automation bias are discussed.

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Predicting Misuse and Disuse of Combat Identification Systems

Cited by 114 publications

References 20 publications

Errors in the Heat of Battle: Taking a Closer Look at Shared Cognition Breakdowns Through Teamwork

Errors in the Heat of Battle: Taking a Closer Look at Shared Cognition Breakdowns Through Teamwork

Friendly Fire in a Simulated Firearms Task

A human factors perspective on the use of automated aids in the evaluation of NDT data

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