Predicting Mesoscale Microstructural Evolution in Electron Beam Welding

Rodgers, Theron; Madison, Jonathan D; Tikare, Veena; Maguire, Michael Christopher

doi:10.1007/s11837-016-1863-8

Cited by 59 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…They were then machined to the tensile coupon size (see Supplementary Fig. 1(d 25,26 . The Monte Carlo Potts model that involves spins (or grain identifies) on a discrete lattice was employed.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) and Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting

et al. 2018

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Laser-based powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing or three-dimensional printing technology has gained tremendous attention due to its controllable, digital, and automated manufacturing process, which can afford a refined microstructure and superior strength. However, it is a major challenge to additively manufacture metal parts with satisfactory ductility and toughness. Here we report a novel selective laser melting process to simultaneously enhance the strength and ductility of stainless steel 316L by in-process engineering its microstructure into a <011> crystallographic texture. We find that the tensile strength and ductility of SLM-built stainless steel 316L samples could be enhanced by~16% and~40% respectively, with the engineered <011> textured microstructure compared to the common <001> textured microstructure. This is because the favorable nano-twinning mechanism was significantly more activated in the <011> textured stainless steel 316L samples during plastic deformation. In addition, kinetic simulations were performed to unveil the relationship between the melt pool geometry and crystallographic texture. The new additive manufacturing strategy of engineering the crystallographic texture can be applied to other metals and alloys with twinning-induced plasticity. This work paves the way to additively manufacture metal parts with high strength and high ductility.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) and Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting

et al. 2018

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“…In some other efforts, 3D grain growth utilized a computationally intensive cellular automaton model in the FZ, while ignoring grain growth in the HAZ which is known to affect the evolution of grain structure in the FZ [22][23][24]. Recent progress has also been reported for the grain structure prediction in the FZ and the HAZ during electron beam welding using a MC approach [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional modeling of grain structure evolution during welding of an aluminum alloy

2017

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The structure and properties of welded and additively manufactured alloys are affected by the microstructural evolution in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The motion of the liquid pool and the interdependence of grain growth in both the solid and liquid regions are important in the evolution of the final grain structure. Previous investigations of microstructure evolution have been limited to either the HAZ or the FZ and in many cases in idealized isothermal systems. Here we report the evolution of grain structure and topology in three dimensions in both the FZ and the HAZ considering the motion of the liquid pool. Temporal and spatial distributions of temperature obtained from a well-tested heat transfer and liquid metal flow calculation are combined with Monte Carlo and topology calculations in a computationally efficient manner. The computed results are tested against independent experimental data for arc welding of an aluminum alloy. The average size of the columnar grains in the FZ and the equiaxed grains in the HAZ are shown to decrease with increasing scan speed. For a given weld, the size and aspect ratio of the columnar grains in the longitudinal and horizontal planes are shown to decrease with distance from the weld interface. It is further shown that the grain size distributions and topological class distributions in the HAZ are largely unaffected by the temporal and spatial variations of the temperature created by different welding parameters.

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“…The method has been described extensively in previous publications, and the reader is referred to these works for further details. 13,[27][28][29] After the generation of stochastic volume elements (SVEs) with AM microstructures in SPPARKS, the SVEs were assigned a crystallographic texture. First, the ''uniformODF'' and ''fi-breODF'' functions of the MTEX MATLAB toolbox 30 were used to generate uniformly random and fiber orientation distribution functions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Additively Manufactured Microstructures and Their Mechanical Properties

Rodgers

Lim

Brown

2019

JOM

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) allows for the freeform creation of complex parts. However, AM microstructures are highly sensitive to the process parameters used. Resulting microstructures vary significantly from typical metal alloys in grain morphology distributions, defect populations and crystallographic texture. AM microstructures are often anisotropic and possess three-dimensional features. These microstructural features determine the mechanical properties of AM parts. Here, we reproduce three ''canonical'' AM microstructures from the literature and investigate their mechanical responses. Stochastic volume elements are generated with a kinetic Monte Carlo process simulation. A crystal plasticity-finite element model is then used to simulate plastic deformation of the AM microstructures and a reference equiaxed microstructure. Results demonstrate that AM microstructures possess significant variability in strength and plastic anisotropy compared with conventional equiaxed microstructures.

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Predicting Mesoscale Microstructural Evolution in Electron Beam Welding

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting

Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting

Three-dimensional modeling of grain structure evolution during welding of an aluminum alloy

Three-Dimensional Additively Manufactured Microstructures and Their Mechanical Properties

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