To optimize the process parameters, it is necessary to exactly predict failure modes during deep drawing of coated metal sheets, where two main failure forms are fracture and wrinkling. In this paper, finite element simulations based on continuous damage mechanics were used to study the failure behavior during a cylindrical deep drawing of metal sheets with nickel coating. It is shown that taking the effect of blank holder force into account, these two failure modes can be predicted. The simulation results are well consistent with that obtained from experiments.
KEY WORDS: Failure; Deep drawing; Coated metal sheet; Damage
IntroductionDeep drawing is one of the most popular processes for transforming flat metallic sheet blanks into cup or box shaped parts in automotive and aerospace industries. During the process of deep drawing, metallic sheets are subjected to the large irreversible deformation, and two primary failure modes of fracture and wrinkling may appear [1] . Huge design and control efforts have been made to eliminate the occurrence of failure through the proper design of blank [2] , tooling configuration [3] , and the selection of process parameters [4] . Using the traditional trial-and-error approach, one-fourth or more time spends on the design and control procedure [5] .
Fortunately, with development of finite element methods and computer technologies, numericalRecently, more and more coated and pre-coated metal sheets have been used due to their good wear or corrosion resistance and decorative performance [15] . There are different types of coating and substrate systems, such as hot-dip galvanized/steel or electro-galvanized/steel sheets [16] , nickel coating/steel [17,18] or zinc phosphate coatings/steel sheets [19] , brass/steel two layer sheets [20] , and Fe/A1 laminated composite sheets [21] . The metal sheet with nickel coating (MSNC) is a typical type of material for safeguard in engineering. This material possesses good corrosion resistance, attractive toughness, and excellent plasticity, which offer potential for advanced structural engineering applications. In addition, the good adhesion between electrodeposited nickel coating and substrate is another advantage in practical applications [22] .During the forming of a coated metal sheet, there is a failure mode like wrinkling [23] or fracture [21] appearing in a single layer sheet, as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, it is important to clarify