Predatory aggression, but not maternal or intermale aggression, is associated with high voluntary wheel-running behavior in mice

Gammie, Stephen C.; Hasen, Nina S.; Rhodes, Justin S.; Girard, Isabelle; Garland, Theodore

doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(03)00140-5

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…One interesting aspect of behavioural changes in the HR mice is increased predatory aggression when non-fasted mice are offered live crickets, possibly related to alterations in dopamine signaling (Gammie et al, 2003). This difference does not generalize to other types of aggression, as HR and control lines show no statistical differences in intermale or maternal aggression.…”

Section: Personality Correlates Of Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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375

434

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Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.

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Section: Personality Correlates Of Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

Self Cite

375

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Substantial response to selection has occurred; at an apparent selection limit, HR mice typically run 2.5-to 3.0-fold farther than C mice on a daily basis and the increased distance is mainly accomplished by higher running speeds (Garland et al 2011a and references therein). As a group, the four replicate HR lines show a diverse suite of morphological, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral differences compared to the four non-selected C lines (reviewed in Swallow et al 2009), including increased predatory aggression in the HR lines (Gammie et al 2003).…”

Section: Mouse Inbred Strains: Dataset On Open-field Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Voluntary Wheel Running and Open-Field Behavior Correlated in Mice? Different Answers from Comparative and Artificial Selection Approaches

et al. 2012

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Voluntary wheel running and open-field behavior are probably the two most widely used measures of locomotion in laboratory rodents. We tested whether these two behaviors are correlated in mice using two approaches: the phylogenetic comparative method using inbred strains of mice and an ongoing artificial selection experiment on voluntary wheel running. After taking into account the measurement error and phylogenetic relationships among inbred strains, we obtained a significant positive correlation between distance run on wheels and distance moved in the open-field for both sexes. Thigmotaxis was negatively correlated with distance run on wheels in females but not in males. By contrast, mice from four replicate lines bred for high wheel running did not differ in either distance covered or thigmotaxis in the open field as compared with mice from four non-selected control lines. Overall, results obtained in the selection experiment were generally opposite to those observed among inbred strains. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

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“…Here a competitive, aggressive strategy may be more advantageous (see Sih et al, 2004). However, aggressiveness, and associated behaviours, such as routine formation (Benus et al, 1987(Benus et al, , 1988(Benus et al, , 1990; see also Gammie et al, 2003), induced by earlier-than-natural weaning are not appropriate or desirable in captivity (see Würbel, 2001). Similarly, early weaning-induced stereotypic and perseverative behaviour may be inappropriate in research animals (e.g.…”

Section: Implications Of Maternal Deprivation For Welfare and Normalcymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

Latham¹,

Mason

2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

145

123

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Many farm, laboratory, zoo and companion animals experience some form of maternal deprivation. This is typically via separation from their mothers earlier than would happen in free-living populations, in some cases even while young are still dependent upon milk. Maternal deprivation may also occur in a qualitative way, via inadequate maternal care, perhaps caused by inexperience or by restrictive environments that limit maternal behaviours. In this paper we review evidence on the link between early separation from the mother and abnormal behaviour from a wide range of sources, including the early primate studies in this field, more recent examples from zoo and commercially reared animals, and human examples from studies of institutionalised children. We discuss factors that seem to influence the magnitude of later effects, such as developmental stage and age at separation, and whether separation is gradual (i.e. more similar to natural separation) or abrupt (as often the case in captivity). In these instances, however, maternal deprivation is just one aspect of a suite of changes that occur when infants are separated from their mothers. In the second part of the paper we therefore review the few cases where maternal loss per se has been investigated, and studies showing lasting affects of qualitative aspects of maternal care. We then look at the possible mechanisms underlying maternal deprivation-induced stereotypic behaviours including potential frustration of specific motivations, and lasting, more pervasive changes for instance in temperament or motor control. Finally, we discuss the practical and welfare implications of the effects of maternal deprivation, and suggest some topics for future research. #

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Predatory aggression, but not maternal or intermale aggression, is associated with high voluntary wheel-running behavior in mice

Cited by 57 publications

References 94 publications

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Are Voluntary Wheel Running and Open-Field Behavior Correlated in Mice? Different Answers from Comparative and Artificial Selection Approaches

Maternal deprivation and the development of stereotypic behaviour

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