Predation of <I>Ataenius spretulus</I> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Eggs and Grubs by Species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae on Golf Courses in Michigan

Effect of Conservation Strips on the Abundance and Distribution of Natural Enemies and Predation of <I>Agrotis ipsilon</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Golf Course Fairways

“…However, staphylinids were more abundant in the rough (position, 2 m) of plots without conservation strips, which could have resulted in the high predation seen in the rough of these plots. Overall, there was less predation of A. ipsilon larvae in the fairway than in the rough, similar to the predation of A. spretulus larvae reported by Jo et al (2003). However, predation was signiÞcantly higher in the fairway when conservation strips were present than fairways where no conservation strips were present.…”

“…For example, pitfall traps captured only adult beetles that are active at the turf surface, whereas larvae of scarab and curculionid beetles are subterranean and are not sampled by pitfall traps. Although egg and larval stages of scarab turf pests have been shown to be susceptible to arthropod predation (Terry et al 1993, Ló pez and Potter 2000, Zenger and Gibb 2001, Jo et al 2003, it is not known whether adults of these species are susceptible. Additionally, billbugs are univoltine, and black turfgrass ataenius have only two generations per year, which suggests a possible lag time of 1 yr or more before an effect of predation on beetle abundance would be observed.…”

“…Beetle banks, strips of bunch grass installed within agricultural Þelds, provide shelter to predators from routine disturbances agricultural Þelds incur, protection from extreme temperature variations, and are overwintering sites (Thomas et al 1991(Thomas et al , 1992. Carabids, staphylinids, and spiders have also been found to be important and abundant predators in turfgrass systems (Terry et al 1993, Smitley et al 1998, Frank 2003, Jo et al 2003. However, no research to our knowledge has examined the use of beetle banks in turfgrass systems.…”

Naturalized habitat on golf courses: source or sink for natural enemies and conservation biological control?

“…Fairways at both golf courses were mowed three to five times per week at 10-16 mm and had been treated with either imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole once each spring to preventively control root-feeding scarab grubs. Earlier studies (Lόpez and Potter 2000;Jo and Smitley 2003) also found less predation in fairways than in mowed grass roughs. Low-cut monoculture turf may be particularly inhospitable to some types of natural enemies; e.g., web-making spiders that benefit from vegetational complexity (Dobbs and Potter 2014) or omnivorous carabids that consume seeds as well as invertebrate prey (Blubaugh et al 2011).…”

How management practices affect arthropod communities on Japanese golf courses?

“…Therefore having longer grasses in the roughs and even in the fairways, increases the potential of golf courses for the conservation of biodiversity. Negative effects of long grass length on golf course management may be limited because it have been known that longer fairway grass length decreases the number of weeds in fairways (Chiba agricultural experiment station 1999), and Scarabaeidae which normally is a pest organism of golf course (Klein et al 1981;Jo and Smitley 2003) was not affected by the length of grass. Herbicides decrease the number of arthropods in many arthropod families probably due to a decrease in available plant species after herbicide use.…”