Predação de sementes de andiroba [Carapa guianensis Aubl. e Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae)] por insetos na Amazônias

Abstract

Couceiro 5 RESUMO -Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os insetos associados à predação de sementes de Carapa guianensis e Carapa procera e avaliar o potencial de dano nas sementes por insetos e a ocorrência de estratificação vertical na predação de sementes de andiroba. O estudo foi realiado em plantios de C. guianensis e C. procera na Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente no chão da floresta e mensalmente em três diferentes alturas (terços) da copa das árvores. Para avaliar o efeito da predação na germinação, 30 sementes não predadas e 30 sementes predadas coletadas mensalmente do chão da floresta foram colocadas para germinar por um período de um mês. Os resultados indicaram que Hypsipyla grandella e H. ferrealis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) foram as principais espécies de insetos associadas à predação das sementes de C. procera e C. guianensis, resultando em taxas de predação média de 39% a 61,96%, respectivamente. Observou-se estratificação vertical na predação dos frutos e sementes na copa das árvores de ambas as espécies de Carapa. A predação das sementes de C. procera e C. guianensis por Hypsipyla spp. reduziu o processo de germinação. Este estudo produziu informações sobre a associação entre C. procera e C. guianensis e as espécies de Hypsipyla.Palavras-chave: Hypsipyla grandella; Hypsipyla ferrealis; Amazônia. SEED PREDATION OF CRABWOOD [Carapa guianensis Aubl. AND Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae)] BY INSECTS IN AMAZON

Emergency and Growth of Andiroba Seedlings (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) in Function of the Seeds

“…Some seeds were lost in certain treatments, and the main cause was the appearance of the borer caused by a caterpillar (Hypsipyla ferrealis Hampson), the main crop of C. guianensis, which consumes all pulp in the seed, thus embryo and making it inapt to generate a new plant (Pinto, 2013). Factors such as random seed collection, post maturation period and high humidity of the site (floodplain area) may also have contributed to the deterioration of the seeds.…”

Hypsipyla grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Boring Khaya ivorensis (Meliaceae) Fruits and Seeds in Brazil: First Report

“…This is the first record of H. grandella damaging K. ivorensis fruits and seeds, an exotic plant in Brazil. This is important because this plant was introduced due to the damage caused by this insect in native Meliaceae, such as Carapa guianensis Aubl., Carapa procera DC., Cedrela fissilis Vell., and S. macrophylla (Pinto et al 2013;Castro et al 2018). The report of damage by this pest in African mahogany shoots in 2016 (Zanetti et al 2017), and this report on fruits and seeds, show that the resistance of K. ivorensis to H. grandella was broken by selective pressure acting over the large area cultivated with this plant in Brazil (Zanetti et al 2017).…”

“…The mahogany shoot borer damages native Meliaceae fruits and seeds in Brazil (Pinto et al 2013;Castro et al 2017). These reproductive structures are a good source of protein and minerals for insect nutrition (Pinto et al 2013), and are used to culture H. grandella in the laboratory (Barradas-Juanz et al 2016a;Castro et al 2016). Damage to reproductive structures may compromise natural forest regeneration (Jesus-Barros et al 2015), and reduce available material for seedling production (Pinto et al 2013).…”

SAMPLING PROCESSES FOR Carapa guianensis AUBL. IN THE AMAZON

“…It is also believed that the low frequency in the initial classes may be a result of the high intra and interannual rates of mortality (20 to 50%) of the species in the terra fi rme area (Guarino et al, 2014), which, associated with strong temporal variations in precipitation, causes oscillations in the diameter structure in the long term, directly infl uencing the entry of trees into larger diameter classes. In addition, the seeds are also easily predated by insects, mainly of the genus Hypsipyla sp., whose larvae attack the fruits, making galleries, damaging more than 39% of the seed production, which reduces the germination rate and, consequently, the establishment of natural regeneration (Pinto et al, 2013). A second, but less probable, hypothesis is related to the current levels of andiroba seed collection in the area, which, according to the Annual Operational Plan (OPA), is made in 40% of the total number of trees in the UPA, where the study area is inserted.…”