Preconcentration of Copper Using 1,5-Diphenyl Carbazide as the Complexing Agent via Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

We report a simple and sensitive microextraction system for the preconcentration and determination of Cu (II) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is a modified solvent extraction method and its acceptor-to-donor phase ratio is greatly reduced compared with other methods. In the proposed approach, 1,5-diphenyl carbazide (DPC) was used as a copper ion selective complexing agent. Several variables such as the extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH of sample solution, DPC concentration, extraction time, and ionic strength were studied and optimized for a quantitative preconcentration and determination of copper (II) and at the optimized conditions: 60 μL, 0.5 mL, and 5 mL of extraction solvent (chloroform), disperser solvent (ethanol), and sample volume, respectively, a linear calibration graph was obtained over the concentration range of 10–200 μg L−1for Cu (II) withR2= 0.9966. The limit of detection (3Sb/m), and preconcentration factor are 2 μg L−1and 25, respectively. The relative standard deviation (n=10) at 100 μg L−1of Cu (II) is 2.5%. The applicability of the developed technique was evaluated by application to spiked environmental water samples.

Online spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) by flow injection combined with low pressure ion chromatography

“…applied in Fe speciation, e.g. ICP-AES method [12], capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection method [13], flame atomic absorption spectrometry [14], ion selective membrane potentiometric sensor [15], combination of sequential injection analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrometry [16,17], microcolumn ion chromatography with UV-Vis detection [18] as well as combination post-column derivatization HPLC or flow injection technique method and visible absorbance detection [3,13,16] were also reported. Regarding these spectrophotometric methods, iron has been determined using, e.g.…”