Preclinical Testing of Frequency-Tunable Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Probe Prototypes

Pekař, Martin; Kolen, Alexander F.; Belt, H.J.W.; Heesch, Frank van; Mihajlović, Nenad; Hoefer, Imo E.; Szili-Török, Tamás; Vos, Hendrik J.; Bosch, Johan G.; Soest, Gijs van; Steen, Antonius F.W. van der

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.05.005

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Electronic circuits with pulsers and multiplexers, integrated with the 2-D matrix transducer, can reduce the cable count. This approach has been used in the development of FL intravascular and intracardiac transducers based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) [21]- [27], which are fabricated using silicon-based technologies and can be cointegrated with front-end electronics to reduce the interconnection complexity [28], [29]. FL CMUT-based transducers for intravascular and intracardiac applications requiring 13 wires have been proposed [25], [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

A 2-D Ultrasound Transducer With Front-End ASIC and Low Cable Count for 3-D Forward-Looking Intravascular Imaging: Performance and Characterization

Janjic

Tan

Daeichin

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging modality used to visualize atherosclerosis from within the inner lumen of human arteries. Complex lesions like chronic total occlusions require forward-looking IVUS (FL-IVUS), instead of the conventional side-looking geometry. Volumetric imaging can be achieved with 2-D array transducers, which present major challenges in reducing cable count and device integration. In this work, we present an 80-element lead zirconium titanate matrix ultrasound transducer for FL-IVUS imaging with a front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) requiring only four cables. After investigating optimal transducer designs, we fabricated the matrix transducer consisting of 16 transmit (TX) and 64 receive (RX) elements arranged on top of an ASIC having an outer diameter of 1.5 mm and a central hole of 0.5 mm for a guidewire. We modeled the transducer using finite-element analysis and compared the simulation results to the values obtained through acoustic measurements. The TX elements showed uniform behavior with a center frequency of 14 MHz, a -3-dB bandwidth of 44%, and a transmit sensitivity of 0.4 kPa/V at 6 mm. The RX elements showed center frequency and bandwidth similar to the TX elements, with an estimated receive sensitivity of /Pa. We successfully acquired a 3-D FL image of three spherical reflectors in water using delay-and-sum beamforming and the coherence factor method. Full synthetic-aperture acquisition can be achieved with frame rates on the order of 100 Hz. The acoustic characterization and the initial imaging results show the potential of the proposed transducer to achieve 3-D FL-IVUS imaging.

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confidence: 99%

A 2-D Ultrasound Transducer With Front-End ASIC and Low Cable Count for 3-D Forward-Looking Intravascular Imaging: Performance and Characterization

Janjic

Tan

Daeichin

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Another potential issue may be the interference of pacemaker leads with the ICE catheter. As technology continues to quickly evolve, new catheters with better imaging and three-dimensional capabilities will soon be available and will overcome these obstacles [8-10]. It is anticipated, therefore, that the use of ICE for most transcatheter procedures in SHD will be a reality in the years to come.…”

Section: Intra-procedural Imaging For Other Transcatheter Shd Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial Septal Defect Sizing and Transcatheter Closure

2019

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“…Hence, most echocardiography systems (2D, 3D, 4D, and intra-cardiac) that are currently available operate at a high computational cost and are large (11)(12)(13). Ultrasonic transducers emit acoustic waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, tens to hundreds of transducers are necessary to scan and image the entire LV volume. Hence, most echocardiography systems (2D, 3D, 4D, and intra-cardiac) that are currently available operate at a high computational cost and are large (11)(12)(13). On the contrary, an implantable LV volume sensor needs to operate cheaply and be small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the introduction of capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT), ultrasonic systems can be miniaturized and are being used invasively. The CMUT systems have shown to be able to achieve penetration depths of 10 cm in the human tissue (13) and to measure continuous volume signals at a frequency of 60 Hz (14). As a further example, the size of single-channel Doppler ultrasound systems was brought down to a size of 1.7 cm 3 (electronics and antenna only) for invasive continuous blood-flow measurements (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic sensor concept to fit a ventricular assist device cannula evaluated using geometrically accurate heart phantoms

et al. 2018

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Future left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are expected to respond to the physiologic need of patients; however, they still lack reliable pressure or volume sensors for feedback control. In the clinic, echocardiography systems are routinely used to measure left ventricular (LV) volume. Until now, echocardiography in this form was never integrated in LVADs due to its computational complexity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of a simplified ultrasonic sensor to fit an LVAD cannula and to show the achievable accuracy in vitro. Our approach requires only two ultrasonic transducers because we estimated the LV volume with the LV end-diastolic diameter commonly used in clinical assessments. In order to optimize the accuracy, we assessed the optimal design parameters considering over 50 orientations of the two ultrasonic transducers. A test bench was equipped with five talcuminfused silicone heart phantoms, in which the intra-ventricular surface replicated papillary muscles and trabeculae carnae. The end-diastolic LV filling volumes of the five heart phantoms ranged from 180 to 480 mL. This reference volume was altered by ±40 mL with a syringe pump. Based on the calibrated measurements acquired by the two ultrasonic transducers, the LV volume was estimated well. However, the accuracies obtained are strongly dependent on the choice of the design parameters.Orientations toward the septum perform better, as they interfere less with the papillary muscles. The optimized design is valid for all hearts. Considering this, the Bland-Altman analysis reports the LV volume accuracy as a bias of ±10% and limits of agreement of 0%-40% in all but the smallest heart. The simplicity of traditional echocardiography systems was reduced by two orders of magnitude in technical complexity, while achieving a comparable accuracy to 2D echocardiography requiring a calibration of absolute volume only. Hence, our approach exploits the established benefits of echocardiography and makes them applicable as an LV volume sensor for LVADs. K E Y W O R D Scardiac phantom, 3D printing, trabeculae, volume sensor, ultrasound, implantable, intra-cardiac echocardiography, ventricular assist device, hemodynamic monitoring 468 | DUAL et al.

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Preclinical Testing of Frequency-Tunable Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Probe Prototypes

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

A 2-D Ultrasound Transducer With Front-End ASIC and Low Cable Count for 3-D Forward-Looking Intravascular Imaging: Performance and Characterization

A 2-D Ultrasound Transducer With Front-End ASIC and Low Cable Count for 3-D Forward-Looking Intravascular Imaging: Performance and Characterization

Atrial Septal Defect Sizing and Transcatheter Closure

Ultrasonic sensor concept to fit a ventricular assist device cannula evaluated using geometrically accurate heart phantoms

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