Preclinical Development of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia Salina Containing Dinucleotides in Rabbits

Carpena-Torres, Carlos; Pintor, Jesús; Huete-Toral, Fernando; Rodríguez-Pomar, Candela; Martínez-Águila, Alejandro; Carracedo, Gonzalo

doi:10.1080/02713683.2020.1789665

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The treatment with these artificial tears manifested beneficial effects on tear secretion, tear break-up time, corneal staining, the density of Goblet cells, height of mucin cloud, and inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, the safety of these artificial tears was already confirmed in a previous study performed in healthy rabbits by our research group [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In terms of tear secretion, the topical instillation of artificial tears with 4% Artemia salina produced an increase of 64% in the rabbits with induced dry eye (see Figure 1 ), values slightly higher than those previously reported by our research group after the instillation of the same extract in health rabbits (44%) [ 30 ], but both studies showed an increase of around 4–5 μL compared with their baseline. The secretagogue effect on the aqueous component of tears was associated with the agonist action of dinucleoside polyphosphates present in Artemia salina , especially Gp 4 G, on P2Y 2 receptors expressed in the conjunctival epithelium [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…However, the comparison of POST measurements between both groups only showed an increase lower than 1 µL after the treatment with Artemia salina (see Table 1 ), not considered relevant for improving the severity of dry eye. To our knowledge, only the previous study of our research performed in healthy rabbits evaluated tear break-up time after a treatment containing dinucleotides, where there were no changes with the extract of 4% Artemia salina [ 30 ]. On the other hand, different studies demonstrated that the activation of the P2Y 2 receptor by topical instillation of Up 4 U stimulates the production of mucins and lipids in the Goblet cells and Meibomian glands, respectively [ 15 , 16 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, our research group developed artificial tears based on an extract of 4% Artemia salina [ 30 ], a brine shrimp containing high concentrations of dinucleotides, mainly diguanosine tetraphosphate (Gp 4 G), but also others such as diguanosine triphosphate (Gp 3 G) and diphosphate (Gp 2 G), or guanosine-adenosine tetraphosphate (Gp 4 A) [ 31 , 32 ]. The concentration of 4% Artemia salina was chosen in a previous study where the effect of short-term instillation of different concentrations of the brine shrimp (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) was evaluated in healthy rabbits [ 30 ]. The 4% Artemia salina manifested the best results in increasing tear secretion and improving corneal epithelial damage, also confirming its safety over the ocular surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

Carpena-Torres

Pintor

Huete-Toral

et al. 2021

IJMS

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(1) Background: Artemia salina is a brine shrimp containing high concentrations of dinucleotides, molecules with properties for dry eye treatment. For this reason, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the artificial tears based on an extract of Artemia salina in a rabbit dry eye model. (2) Methods: A prospective and randomized study was carried out. Twenty rabbits were divided into 4 groups (n = 5, each group): healthy rabbits, dry eye rabbits, dry eye rabbits treated with hypromellose (HPMC), and dry eye rabbits treated with Artemia salina. Dry eye was induced by the topical instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride. The measurements were performed before and after the treatment for 5 consecutive days. (3) Results: The topical instillation of artificial tears containing Artemia salina showed beneficial effects on tear secretion, tear break-up time, corneal staining, the density of Goblet cells, heigh of mucin cloud secreted by these cells, and mRNA levels of IL-1β and MMP9 in conjunctival cells. Compared with the HPMC, there was a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) with the Artemia salina in all the variables under study, except for the conjunctival hyperemia, density of Goblet cells, and mRNA levels of IL-6. (4) Conclusions: The potential of artificial tears based on Artemia salina as a secretagogue agent for dry eye treatment was confirmed, opening the door for future clinical trials and studies to extrapolate the findings for dry eye patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

Carpena-Torres

Pintor

Huete-Toral

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…In the present study, we chose to use dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) because it is highly soluble and does not cause molecular interference in the phytochemical components 34 , unlike Tween 80, which is reported to be more toxic than other solvents through causing protein denaturation and inhibition of physiological processes 35,36 . In determining the LC 50 of NaCl, it was shown that the test dosage, which has already been adopted in previous studies 30,37,38 , was lower than the dose considered lethal in this study, thus not exerting any effect on the outcomes of no treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk

Sousa

Pinheiro

Araújo³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the use of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) as antivirals against caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk of goat nannies. These were collected from eight individuals and infected with the standard strain of CLV. Samples were then subdivided into aliquots and treated with 150 µg/mL of crude extract, and with ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for 30, 60, and 90 min. Next, somatic cells from colostrum and milk were co-cultured with cells from the ovine third eyelid. After this step, viral titers of the supernatants collected from treatments with greater efficacy in co-culture were assessed. The organic ethyl acetate fractions of both plants at 90 min possibly inhibited the viral activity of CLV by up to a thousandfold in colostrum. In milk, this inhibition was up to 800 times for the respective Meliaceae. In conclusion, the ethanolic fraction of ethyl acetate from both plants demonstrated efficacy against CLV in samples from colostrum and milk when subjected to treatment, which was more effective in colostrum.

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Chromatic Light Therapy for Inhibiting Myopia Progression: Human Studies

Swiatczak

2024

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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Myopia, a common refractive error, has been associated with various risk factors, with outdoor time emerging as a significant protective factor against its onset. This association is believed to be mediated by the influence of sunlight on dopamine release, a neurotransmitter crucial for regulating eye growth. Recent research explores the specific properties of light to identify potential interventions for myopia control in children. Low-level red light therapy has gained attention, showing promise in inhibiting myopia progression, although with concerns regarding safety and rebound effects. Similarly, blue light stimulation aims to upregulate retinal dopamine activity, yet conclusive evidence supporting its efficacy is lacking. Moreover, researchers explore the use of the entire visible light spectrum by digitally imposing longitudinal chromatic aberration to adjust proper eye growth. Preliminary findings suggest that digitally simulated chromatic aberration could potentially serve as a myopia control strategy, highlighting the need for further investigation into its long-term effects. As research progresses, understanding the efficacy and safety of light-based interventions for myopia control remains crucial for informing clinical practice and optimizing patient outcomes.

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Preclinical Development of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia Salina Containing Dinucleotides in Rabbits

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk

Chromatic Light Therapy for Inhibiting Myopia Progression: Human Studies

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