Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

Carpena-Torres, Carlos; Pintor, Jesús; Huete-Toral, Fernando; Martín-Gil, Alba; Rodríguez-Pomar, Candela; Martínez-Águila, Alejandro; Carracedo, Gonzalo

doi:10.3390/ijms222111999

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Shimizu et al (128) evaluated TFBUT in this GVHDrelated model and observed significant differences in TFBUT, tear secretion, and corneal fluorescein scores between the syngeneic and GVHD groups from 9 to 12 weeks of age. Carpena-Torres et al (129) reported on the topical instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride for 5 consecutive days for establishing a dry eye model. The results demonstrated a significant difference in TFBUT before and after instillation; however, there was no difference in tear secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease

Zhu

Inomata

Shih³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Different pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, development, and outcome of dry eye disease (DED). Animal models have proven valuable and efficient in establishing ocular surface microenvironments that mimic humans, thus enabling better understanding of the pathogenesis. Several dry eye animal models, including lacrimal secretion insufficiency, evaporation, neuronal dysfunction, and environmental stress models, are related to different etiological factors. Other models may be categorized as having a multifactorial DED. In addition, there are variations in the methodological classification, including surgical lacrimal gland removal, drug-induced models, irradiation impairment, autoimmune antibody-induced models, and transgenic animals. The aforementioned models may manifest varying degrees of severity or specific pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the complexity of DED. This review aimed to summarize various dry eye animal models and evaluate their respective characteristics to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism and identify therapeutic prospects for clinical purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease

Zhu

Inomata

Shih³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…At least two to three genes are required to validate and test candidate endogenous controls to ensure their suitability for the specific experiments being conducted. Based on previous gene expression reports and potential for human clinical translation 26 , 60 – 62 , 77 , 78 , we chose the following three TaqMan (ThermoFisher) preamplification primers for rabbit species in the present study: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, Oc03823402_g1), actin beta (ACTB, Oc03824857_g1), and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1, Oc03399461_m1). We then used the PCViz and Open Targets Platform to analyze the translational scope of these genes in ocular tear fluid research.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses as novel tear fluid sampling vehicles for total RNA isolation, precipitation, and amplification

Boychev,

Lee,

Yeung

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The tear fluid is a readily accessible, potential source for biomarkers of disease and could be used to monitor the ocular response to contact lens (CL) wear or ophthalmic pathologies treated by therapeutic CLs. However, the tear fluid remains largely unexplored as a biomarker source for RNA-based molecular analyses. Using a rabbit model, this study sought to determine whether RNA could be collected from commercial CLs and whether the duration of CL wear would impact RNA recovery. The results were referenced to standardized strips of filtered paper (e.g., Shirmer Strips) placed in the inferior fornix. By performing total RNA isolation, precipitation, and amplification with commercial kits and RT-PCR methods, CLs were found to have no significant differences in RNA concentration and purity compared to Schirmer Strips. The study also identified genes that could be used to normalize RNA levels between tear samples. Of the potential control genes or housekeeping genes, GAPDH was the most stable. This study, which to our knowledge has never been done before, provides a methodology for the detection of RNA and gene expression changes from tear fluid that could be used to monitor or study eye diseases.

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“…Besides, upon instillation of this eye drops decreased fluorescein staining score as compared to the BAC-induced rabbits. Similarly, extract of Artemia salina [ 22 ] was evaluated in a 0.2% rabbit BAC model. There was a marked increase in tear volume, TBUT, and height of mucin cloud along with a decrease in corneal staining and inflammatory markers in conjunctival cells, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and IL-1β, compared to the DED model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: Current understanding and potential for translational research

Thacker

Sahoo²,

Reddy³

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging health issue affecting people worldwide. There have been rapid advances in the development of novel molecules and targeted therapies for the treatment of DED in the recent past. For testing and optimizing these therapies, it is necessary to have reliable experimental animal models of DED. One such approach is the use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Several BAC-induced DED models of rabbits and mice have been described in literature. BAC induces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and conjunctiva, along with epithelial cell apoptosis and reduction of mucins, which leads to tear film instability, thereby successfully simulating human DED. The stability of these models directs whether the treatment is to be applied while BAC is being instilled or after its cessation. In this review, we summarize the previously described BAC animal models of DED and present original data on rabbit DED models created using 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% BAC administration twice daily for two consecutive weeks. The 0.2% BAC model sustained DED signs for 3 weeks, while 0.1% and 0.15% models sustained DED signs for 1–2 weeks after BAC discontinuation. Overall, these models look promising and continue to be used in various studies to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic drugs for DED treatment.

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Efficacy of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia salina Containing Dinucleotides in a Rabbit Dry Eye Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease

Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease

Contact lenses as novel tear fluid sampling vehicles for total RNA isolation, precipitation, and amplification

Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: Current understanding and potential for translational research

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