Preclinical challenges in steroid analysis of human samples

Morning Serum Basal Cortisol Levels Are Affected by Age and Pubertal Maturation in School-Aged Children and Adolescents

“…The development of the HPA axis extends from childhood through adolescence, leading to different hormonal secretion patterns among prepubertal and postpubertal children, adolescents and adults [14] . An increment in cortisol levels has been linked to age and puberty progression [15][16][17] . Cortisol values show a gender differentiation in the final pubertal maturation stages [18,19] .…”

The hyporeactivity of salivary cortisol at stress test (TSST-C) in children with internalizing or externalizing disorders is contrastively associated with α-amylase

“…In line with the latter, our 305 finding suggests that salivary cortisol may be a better biomarker of the HPA-axis reactivity than 306 salivary cortisone. Furthermore, this finding is noteworthy in practical points of view in that cortisol 307 measurement is widely established, while cortisone measurement or LC-MS/MS is not generally 308 equipped in many laboratories (Ceglarek et al, 2010). 309…”

Feasibility of desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to monitor urinary steroid metabolites during pregnancy

“…Glucuronides Tentative identification Pregnanediol N-acetylglucosaminide [44] fasting cause variation in the study subjects' steroid metabolomes [18]. As will be discussed in the next section, the differences between studied individuals at the same stage of pregnancy are, however, small compared to changes occurring during the course of pregnancy.…”

“…Direct IAs provide low cost and high throughput analyses and are therefore commonly used. Nevertheless, they are not always able to provide sufficient specificity [18][19][20], suffer from matrix effects [19], and are unable to monitor multiple compounds by a single analysis, and therefore they are ceasing to meet the improving standards of high quality clinical steroid analyses and research [21]. GC-MS and LC-MS on the other hand are selective, and can produce quantitative information on hundreds of molecules in a single run [13][14][15][16].…”