Precision nutrition based on phenotypical traits and the (epi)genotype: nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approaches for obesity care

Abstract

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to rationally review and critically appraise the current knowledge in the most relevant nongenetic and genetic factors influencing obesity predisposition. This information may be translated into the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches involving precision nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic strategies for obesity monitoring and weight management. Recent findings The importance and influence of several nongenetic contributors to obesity onset and individual responses to weight-loss interventions have been highlighted including the role of age, sex or perinatal feeding and others related to an individual's lifestyle and modifiable. Nutrigenetic studies have analysed potential interactions between polymorphisms influencing energy homeostasis/body composition and dietary factors in relation to adiposity phenotypes and therapy responsiveness. A second approach comprises the Nutrigenomic analysis of gene expression modifications in response to the consumption of specific nutrients or dietary bioactive compounds, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles. Summary Taken together, these findings encompass the importance of taking into account up-to-date advances in Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic hallmarks, globally analysing the risk of weight gain and related outcomes after following nutrition counselling, this contributing to improve obesity care considering phenotypical traits and the genetic make-up for precision obesity care.

Longwise Cluster Analysis for the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity within 72 h of Admission: COVID-DATA-SAVE-LIFES Cohort

“…Indeed, research concerning the early symptomatic identification and assessing specific traits involving clinical manifestations, medical outcomes, and epidemiological estimates with machine learning models offers huge opportunities for precision medicine despite some limitations and challenges [ 28 ]. In this context, the COVID-19 disease presents a unique prospect to understand whether there are distinct phenotypes of COVID-19 outcomes, whose knowledge will provide important benefits not only for the personalized management of infected patients, but also for optimizing health care systems and for devising public health policies [ 29 ] by considering phenotypical plus family and clinical history backgrounds, as well as individual lifestyle factors [ 30 ].…”

Association of the APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799 with Metabolic Changes after an Intervention for 9 Months with a Low-Calorie Diet with a Mediterranean Profile

“…Further studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of this SNV in the lipid profile and metabolic syndrome in different populations [39]. In the future, clinical guidelines will incorporate this knowledge to improve the design of nutritional interventions for obese patients, using panels of SNVs and other omic technologies [40].…”

Personalised, population and planetary nutrition for precision health

“…25 IUNS is making such attempts in this direction to reach out such knowledge networking spread globally, where phenotypical traits and the genetic makeup should be considered. 26 Precision nutrition conclusions Indeed, precision nutrition should deem all factors involved in global quality of life and metabolic wellbeing depending not only on the genotype but also on the dietary intake and associated healthy lifestyles in order to be worldwide developed and implemented in personalised, population and planetary settings for individual's, public and sustainable global health considering genetic and nongenetic-related phenotypes as well as environmental factors.…”