Precision medicine: affording the successes of science

Lu, Christine Y.; Terry, Vera; Thomas, David M.

doi:10.1038/s41698-022-00343-y

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Only in recent years has the importance of personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, gained momentum [212], and tailored treatments have emerged in clinical trials [14]. In pre-clinical research, exploring sex differences in various disease conditions may be the gateway to successful treatments [16].…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

Peruta

Lozanoska-Ochser

Renzini

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored to the sex of each patient emerged in clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between the two sexes, which may have important consequences for diagnosis and therapy in aging and chronic illness. In fact, preservation of muscle mass in disease conditions correlates with survival; however, sex should be considered when protocols for the maintenance of muscle mass are designed. One obvious difference is that men have more muscle than women. Moreover, the two sexes differ in inflammation parameters, particularly in response to infection and disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, men and women respond differently to therapies. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on what is known about sex differences in skeletal muscle physiology and disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, and cachexia. In addition, we summarize sex differences in inflammation which may underly the aforementioned conditions because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect muscle homeostasis. The comparison of these three conditions and their sex-related bases is interesting because different forms of muscle atrophy share common mechanisms; for instance, those responsible for protein dismantling are similar although differing in terms of kinetics, severity, and regulatory mechanisms. In pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism in disease conditions could highlight new efficacious treatments or recommend implementation of an existing one. Any protective factors discovered in one sex could be exploited to achieve lower morbidity, reduce the severity of the disease, or avoid mortality in the opposite sex. Thus, the understanding of sex-dependent responses to different forms of muscle atrophy and inflammation is of pivotal importance to design innovative, tailored, and efficient interventions.

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Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

Peruta

Lozanoska-Ochser

Renzini

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Solutions might include adaptive clinical trial designs to reduce the time and costs of drug development, government-sponsored clinical trials to seek regulatory approval for drugs that may no longer be commercially appealing for pharmaceutical companies and incorporation of novel treatments under risk-sharing agreements. 52…”

Section: Challenges For Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping neuroimmunology: diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine

dos Passos,

Adoni,

Mendes

et al. 2023

Arq Neuropsiquiatr

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Precision medicine has revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology, with innovative approaches that characterize diseases based on their biology, deeper understanding of the factors leading to heterogeneity within the same disease, development of targeted therapies, and strategies to tailor therapies to each patient. This review explores the impact of precision medicine on various neuroimmunological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), optic neuritis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-mediated neuropathies. We discuss advances in disease subtyping, recognition of novel entities, promising biomarkers, and the development of more selective monoclonal antibodies and cutting-edge synthetic cell-based immunotherapies in neuroimmunological disorders. In addition, we analyze the challenges related to affordability and equity in the implementation of these emerging technologies, especially in situations with limited resources.

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“…Notably, public sector tends to bear most of the drugs cost in the single payer health systems, Lu et al postulated a government-industry collaborative engagement model, by integrating clinical trials into the standard of care. This allows more participants access to early stage of drug development, which able to benefit to health system-industry collaboration bodies, in terms of the value of information sharing ethically, enhance the efficiency of biomarker-dependent drug development as well as reduce the cost [ 445 ].…”

Section: Challenge and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect

Siak,

Heng,

Teoh

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.

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Precision medicine: affording the successes of science

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

Reshaping neuroimmunology: diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine

Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect

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