Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Element<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Probing Color Forces

Posik, M.; Flay, D.; Parno, D. S.; Allada, K.; Armstrong, W.; Averett, T.; Benmokhtar, F.; Bertozzi, W.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Cates, G. D.; Chen, C.; Chen, J. P.; Choi, S.; Chudakov, E.; Cusanno, F.; Dalton, M. M.; Deconinck, W.; Jager, C. W. de; Deng, X.; Deur, A.; Dutta, C.; Fassi, L. El; Franklin, G.; Friend, M.; H, Gao; Garibaldi, F.; Gilad, S.; Gilman, R.; Glamazdin, O.; Golge, S.; Gómez, J.; Guo, L.; Hansén, O.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Holmstrom, T.; Huang, J.; Hyde‐Wright, C. E.; Ibrahim, H.; Jiang, X.; Gao, Jin; Katich, Joseph M.; Kelleher, A.; Kolarkar, A.; Korsch, W.; Kumbartzki, G.; LeRose, J.; Lindgren, R.; Liyanage, N.; Long, E.; Lukhanin, A.; Mamyan, V.; McNulty, D.; Meziani, Z. E.; Michaels, R.; Mihovilovič, M.; Moffit, B.; Muangma, N.; Nanda, S.; Narayan, A.; Nelyubin, V.; Norum, B.; Nuruzzaman, Md.; Oh, Yongseok; Peng, J. C.; Qian, X.; Qiang, Y.; Rakhman, A.; Riordan, S.; Saha, A.; Sawatzky, B.; Shabestari, M.; Shahinyan, A.; Širca, S.; Solvignon, P.; Subedi, R.; Sulkosky, V.; Tobias, W. A.; Troth, W.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Yan, X.; Huang, Yao; Ye, Y.; Ye, Z.; Yuan, L.; Zhan, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, B.; Zheng, X.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.022002

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, with the exception of the QCD sum rules, all model calculations and lattice QCD give positive values for the protond p 2 . Intriguingly, our results complement a recent neutrond n 2 measurement [35,36], which shows a sizable negative value at Q 2 ∼ 3 GeV 2 , equal to that of the proton, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: (4)supporting

confidence: 90%

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Armstrong¹,

Kang²,

Liyanage³

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) measured two double spin asymmetries using a polarized proton target and polarized electron beam at two beam energies, 4.7 GeV and 5.9 GeV. A large-acceptance open-configuration detector package identified scattered electrons at 40 • and covered a wide range in Bjorken x (0.3 < x < 0.8). Proportional to an average color Lorentz force, the twist-3 matrix element,d p 2 , was extracted from the measured asymmetries at Q 2 values ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 GeV 2 . The data display the opposite sign compared to most quark models, including the lattice QCD result, and an apparently unexpected scale dependence. Furthermore when combined with the neutron data in the same Q 2 range the results suggest a flavor independent average color Lorentz force.Today, it is accepted that Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the gauge theory of strong interactions, plays a central role in our understanding of nucleon structure at the heart of most visible matter in the universe. QCD successfully describes many observables in high energy scattering processes where the coupling among the con-fined constituents of hadrons (quarks and gluons) is weak and perturbative (pQCD) calculations are possible, taking advantage of factorization theorems and evolution equations similar to quantum electrodynamics (QED). At the same time, QCD offers a clear path to unravel the non-perturbative structure of hadrons using lattice QCD, arXiv:1805.08835v4 [nucl-ex]

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Section: (4)supporting

confidence: 90%

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Armstrong¹,

Kang²,

Liyanage³

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…This result differs from that in Ref. [153] because we have improved our analysis, where we have updated the values for g A and a 8 used in the evaluation of the twist-2 term µ 2 . We also now include uncertainties on the low-x and elastic terms in the Γ n 1 analysis mentioned above; additionally, our uncertainty on f n 2 has changed as we now consider the full error matrix of our fit function, accounting for correlations between the fit parameters A and B.…”

Section: Color Force Extractionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Note that the values for g A and a 8 have been updated relative to those used in Ref. [153]. At large Q 2 , the higher-twist contributions should be small due to the Q −2 suppression; therefore, Γ n 1 Q 2 = µ 2 Q 2 .…”

Section: Color Force Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements ofd2nandA1n
Flay¹,
Posik²,
Parno³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. D
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30
4
28
0
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We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element d 2 of the neutron (d n 2 ) was conducted. The quantity d n 2 represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force was determined from a linear combination of the third moments of the 3 He spin structure functions, g 1 and g 2 , after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments. The structure functions were obtained from a measurement of the unpolarized cross section and of double-spin asymmetries in the scattering of a longitudinally polarized electron beam from a transversely and a longitudinally polarized 3 He target. The measurement kinematics included two average Q 2 bins of 3.2 GeV 2 and 4.3 GeV 2 , and Bjorken-x 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.90 covering the deep inelastic and resonance regions. We have found that d n 2 is small and negative for hQ 2 i ¼ 3.2 GeV 2 , and even smaller for hQ 2 i ¼ 4.3 GeV 2 , consistent with the results of a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element f n 2 was extracted by combining our measured d n 2 with the world data on the first moment in x of g n 1 , Γ n 1 . We found f n 2 to be roughly an order of magnitude larger than d n 2 . Utilizing the extracted d n 2 and f n 2 data, we separated the Lorentz color force into its electric and magnetic components, F y;n E and F y;n B , and found them to be equal and opposite in magnitude, in agreement with the predictions from an instanton model but not with those from QCD sum rules. Furthermore, using the measured double-spin asymmetries, we have extracted the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry on the neutron A n 1 , the structure function ratio g n 1 =F n 1 , and the quark ratios ðΔu þ ΔūÞ=ðu þūÞ and ðΔd þ ΔdÞ=ðd þdÞ. These results were found to be consistent with deep-inelastic scattering world data and with the prediction of the constituent quark model but at odds with the perturbative quantum chromodynamics predictions at large x.

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“…is also interesting because the pure twist-3 part can be related to quark-gluon-quark local matrix elements, see [15], and interpreted as the average color force experienced by the struck quark as it exits the nucleon [50]; for experimental measurements of d 2 , see, e.g., Refs. [51][52][53][54][55]. For both the d 1 and d 2 moments, the transversity contribution is a background to the extraction of the pure twist-3 piece.…”

Section: Moments Of the G2 Structure Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering

Accardi

Bacchetta

2017

Physics Letters B

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We revisit the standard analysis of inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering off nucleons taking into account the fact that on-shell quarks cannot be present in the final state, but they rather decay into hadrons -a process that can be described in terms of suitable "jet" correlators. As a consequence, a spin-flip term associated with the invariant mass of the produced hadrons is generated nonperturbatively and couples to the target's transversity distribution function. In inclusive cross sections, this provides an hitherto neglected and large contribution to the twist-3 part of the g2 structure function, that can explain the discrepancy between recent calculations and fits of this quantity. It also provides an extension of the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule, providing new information on the transversity function, as well as an extension of the Efremov-Teryaev-Leader sum rule, suggesting a novel way to measure the tensor charge of the proton. II. THE QUARK-QUARK JET CORRELATORMotivated by mass corrections to inclusive DIS structure functions at large values of the Bjorken invariant x B , Accardi and Qiu [23] have introduced in the LO handbag diagram a "jet correlator", also called "jet factor" by

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Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Elementd2n: Probing Color Forces

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Measurements ofd2nandA1n
Flay¹,
Posik²,
Parno³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. D
Self Cite
30
4
28
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering

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Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Elementd2n: Probing Color Forces

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering

Measurements ofd2nandA1nFlay1, Posik2, Parno3 et al. 2016Phys. Rev. DSelf Cite304280View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering

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Measurements ofd2nandA1n
Flay¹,
Posik²,
Parno³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. D
Self Cite
30
4
28
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite