Precise measurement of the densities of liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb

Abstract

The densities of liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb have been precisely measured from the melting point up to about 1100 K using an improved Archimedean method. The densities at the melting point for liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb are 10.042 × 103, 6.983 × 103, 10.635 × 103 and 6.454 × 103 kg m−3, respectively. Comparisons between our data and those from the literature have been made and they show the present results to be more reliable. Rather than a linear fit for the temperature dependence of the density, a slight deviation from linearity in the temperature dependence of the densities has been observed.

Density measurement of Sn-40Pb, Sn-57Bi, and Sn-9Zn by indirect Archimedean method

“…Figure 3 also shows the results by the direct Archimedean method for liquid Sn, which was in high temperature and was reported by these authors elsewhere. 10 The density-temperature dependence of the solid pure Sn can be calculated by Fig. 3, which showed the linear equation as follows: ρ s ϭ 7.27 Ϫ 4.76 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪ25°C) g/cm 3 (5) From Eq.…”

“…6, and is in agreement with the results from the hot silicone oil. The density-temperature dependence of Sn-9Zn alloy for the solid or the liquid states were fitted linearly as follows (in g/cm 3 ): ρ s (Sn-9Zn) ϭ 7.22 Ϫ 7.78 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪ25°C) (10) where T should be less than or equal to the melting point of the alloy, and ρ L (Sn-9Zn) ϭ6.89 Ϫ 5.88 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪT m ) (11) In Eq. 11, T should be more than or equal to the melting point of the alloy.…”

Density of liquid GaSb measured by an improved Archimedean method

“…In the experiment the whole system was evacuated down to about 4 Â 10 À3 Pa and then about 0.8 atm pure Ar (99.999%) was filled in as a protective atmosphere. All weight parameters were measured by using an AND FX-200 electronic balance with a sensitivity of 0.001 g. [4,11,12] The present measurement is based on the Archimedean principle. The density r of a liquid sample is calculated from the weight change of a measuring sinker, with its volume known as V sinker , before (W 0 ) and after (W 0 ) it is sunk into the liquid sample:…”

Characteristic Ordering in Liquid Phase‐Change Materials

“…The remaining signal was then corrected for inelastic and multiple scattering by standard treatment [34]. The densities of the liquids were calculated from the pure elements [35,36] [28].…”