Precipitation and other propagation impairments effects at microwave and millimeter wave bands: a mini survey

Kotamraju, Sarat K.; Kavya, K. Ch. Sri

doi:10.1007/s11600-018-0238-7

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…R(t+Td) is used to express real-time rainfall rate with time delay, and [R(t), R(t+Td)] is used to express the combined probability of time delay with rainfall rate. Combining equations ( 7) and ( 8), the minimal rain rate with a time delay is represented in equation (9).…”

Section: Proposed Time Diversity Technique By Using Rain Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Malaysia, an empirical model was developed to forecast the time diversity gain function based on observed data to assess the chance of rain attenuation excess [8]. The gain of time diversity relies on the yearly parameter, measured in decibels (dB) with the cumulative rain attenuation of the distributions (known as transmission time delay) [9], utilized for execution of the assessment and mitigating technique [10]. Time delay slots are affected by weather conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

et al. 2023

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The propagation impairments by rain strongly affect the earth-to-satellite links operating at frequencies higher than 18 GHz mainly due to the severe performance degradation of satellite communication system. The time diversity technique with appropriate time delay between successive transmissions has been found effective in mitigating the rain fade. However, time diversity analysis demands measured rain attenuation data, where the latter is unavailable at most of the places to be able to design future high frequency links. The time diversity gain prediction model has been found to be robust for time diversity improvement. Here, we propose a new model for the rain rate with and without the time delay considering the three variables of rain rate, time delay and frequency. The rain rate and time delay functions were first used to derive the constants by the regression from the rain rate and rain rate gain. The constant for the frequency function was then extracted from the cumulative distribution function of the attenuation predicted by the analytically obtained ITU-R and gain equations. The proposed model was validated using one-year rain rate and attenuation data measured at two different locations in Malaysia demonstrating a 7% prediction inaccuracy when compared to the existing models, therefore, it can be reliably used for future earth-tosatellite link designs by using measured rain rate at any higher frequencies.INDEX TERMS Rain rate, rain attenuation, time delay, time diversity technique.

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Section: Proposed Time Diversity Technique By Using Rain Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

et al. 2023

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“…The rain attenuation significantly rises with increasing frequency, restricting the path length of radio communication systems and limiting the utilization of higher frequencies for line-of-sight (LOS) microwave links [3], [4]. This leads to significant signal attenuation at the mmWave, which can further potentially affect the quality-ofservice (QoS) of wireless systems operating at the mmWave frequency band [5]. In this regard, it is important to gain an insightful understanding on how rain affects the mmWave channel propagation characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region

Al-Samman

Mohamed

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Lett.

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This letter presents the rainfall intensity and rain attenuation analysis in tropical region based on a one-year measurement using the 73.5 GHz E-band link of 1.8 km with three rain gauges installed along the path. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation were analysed and bench-marked with previous measurements and prediction models. The findings from this work showed that Malaysia agrees with the ITU-R rain prediction model of Zone P by 99.99% of time. The maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 dB at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h.

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“…The two microphysical models discussed in the previous section highlight somewhat different γ values due to the other PSD used by the authors. Here, fog microphysics is used to provide a theoretical validation of the γ-V models as well as to get an insight into the relationship between V and γ at different wavelengths, following the approach in [67]. We use a more extensive database of 54 PSDs of fog and haze, including recent measurements.…”

Section: The Micro-physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, all the monomodal distributions were tabulated for nominal values of the particle number concentration. Therefore, as in [67], the number concentration is considered a parameter and allowed to range within realistic limits. Hence the corresponding PSDs are segments rather than points in the γ-V plane of Figure 3.2.…”

Section: The Micro-physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog and Rain Attenuation Models for the Design of Fso Links in 5g+

MUNOZ¹

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Precipitation and other propagation impairments effects at microwave and millimeter wave bands: a mini survey

Cited by 10 publications

References 129 publications

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Microwave Link Design Based on Real Time Rain Intensity Measurement

Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region

Fog and Rain Attenuation Models for the Design of Fso Links in 5g+

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