Precipitation and grain refinement in a 2195 Al friction stir weld

Fonda, R. W.; Bingert, J. F.

doi:10.1007/s11661-006-1054-2

Cited by 124 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…However, it is expected that the solid phase plastic deformation of the BFSW process fragments the grains to ultrafine and changes the T6 microstructural properties. Published research on microscopic studies of friction stir welded alloys suggests that a form of grain refinement can happen during the CFSW process [6,31,32]; however, it has not been recorded in the literature for the BFSW technique.…”

Section: Purpose and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Grain Refinement in AA6082-T6 Thin Plates under Bobbin Friction Stir Welding

Tamadon

Pons

Sued

et al. 2018

Metals

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Bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW), with its fully penetrated pin and double-sided shoulder, can provide high rates of heat generation. This produces solid-state thermo-mechanical grain refinement. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of the welded joints of AA6082-T6 obtained using BFSW process was investigated with a focus on grain refinement. Two sheets of the AA6082-T6 alloy were butt-welded with a fixed-gap bobbin tool. The microstructure at a mid-weld transverse cross-section was evaluated using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Significant grain refinement was observed, with a decrease in grain size from 100 µm in directional columnar grain morphology of the base metal, to an ultrafine size-less than 10 µm-for the equiaxed grains in the stirring zone. The EBSD results showed that with BFSW processing, secondary phase precipitation patterns were produced that are distinct from the primary artificial age-hardening precipitates created by the T6 tempering cycle. The severe plastic deformation and heat generation appear to accelerate dynamic recrystallization and precipitation during the BFSW process. The microstructural studies confirmed that the BFSW process can provide a highly efficient thermodynamically activated grain refinement in the solid-state without requiring additional processes such as heat treatment or external means of grain refinement.

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Section: Purpose and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Grain Refinement in AA6082-T6 Thin Plates under Bobbin Friction Stir Welding

Tamadon

Pons

Sued

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…The dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement phenomenon can occur in the central stir zone during FSW [14,15]. Figure 2a shows the microstructure between the TMAZ and the WN using metallographic analysis.…”

Section: Microhardness Distribution and Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and precipitated phase in the thermo-mechanically affected zone of friction stir welded joint for 2024 aluminium alloy

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Yan³

et al. 2016

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The 2024 aluminium alloy sheets in the T4 temper were welded successfully by the friction stir welding techniques. The AlCuMg (U -phase) of metastable precipitates was found to exist in the thermo-mechanically affected zone using TEM analysis. Moreover, the U -phase is likely to induce the formation of two distinct microhardness minima in the stir zone of FSW weld. The AlCu3 and Cu2Mg particles were precipitated on the grain boundary of the thermomechanically affected zone and in the weld nugget region, respectively. K e y w o r d s : aluminium alloys, friction stir welding, microstructure, transmission electron microscopy

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“…In addition, the grain coarsening is also occurred in above said zones. Hence, these regions attain lower hardness (softening) and so termed as the lowest hardness distribution region (LHDR) (Fonda and Bingert 2006;Fu et al 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pin profiles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded AA2519-T87 aluminium alloy

Sabari

Malarvizhi

Balasubramanian

2016

Int J Mech Mater Eng

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Background: AA2519-T87 is a new armour grade aluminium alloy employed in the fabrication of light combat military vehicles. Joining of this material using fusion welding processes, results in the formation of solidification defects like porosity, alloy segregation and hot cracking. In order to overcome the solidification related problems, solid state welding processes such as friction stir welding (FSW) can be used. Though the joining takes place below the melting temperature of the material, the thermal cycle experienced by the thermo-mechanical-affected zone (TMAZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) is causing grain coarsening and precipitates dissolution in the age-hardenable aluminium alloys, which deteriorate the joint properties. To get rid of this problem, underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) process can be employed. The water cooling reduces the heat, and thus, the thermal softening required taking place in TMAZ and HAZ. Therefore, the material flow is entirely different in FSW and UWFSW.

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Precipitation and grain refinement in a 2195 Al friction stir weld

Cited by 124 publications

References 51 publications

Thermomechanical Grain Refinement in AA6082-T6 Thin Plates under Bobbin Friction Stir Welding

Thermomechanical Grain Refinement in AA6082-T6 Thin Plates under Bobbin Friction Stir Welding

Microstructure and precipitated phase in the thermo-mechanically affected zone of friction stir welded joint for 2024 aluminium alloy

The effect of pin profiles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded AA2519-T87 aluminium alloy

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