“…However, in this same system with added nonionic surfactant, Shiau et al [30] proposed that the deviation is rather a formation of a stable dispersion of microcrystals since the deviation was observed without coacervation. It has been found that SDS can adsorb onto precipitate particles and the dispersion can be destabilized by adding electrolyte to suppress the electrical double layer and hence reduce the electrostatic repulsion between particles [30,54]. In our system, coacervate formation has not been observed.…”
Section: Determination Of K Sp and Experimental Precipitation Phase Bcontrasting
Use of amphoteric and anionic surfactants is very common in practical formulations such as shampoos and hand dishwashing products. Precipitation of mixtures of dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) as an amphoteric surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant were studied at different pH levels. The DDAO is a pH-sensitive surfactant and its protonation can be expressed in terms of a pK a similar to an acid dissociation constant. The protonated form of DDAO carries a positive charge and precipitates with the oppositely charged SDS. Therefore, precipitation phase boundaries are pH dependent due to the varying degree of DDAO protonation. By combining the use of regular solution theory and the pseudophase separation model to describe micellar mixing nonidealities with the precipitate solubility product constant and the protonation dissociation constant, a model to predict the precipitation phase boundary is presented here. The model agrees well with experimental phase boundaries at different pH levels.
“…However, in this same system with added nonionic surfactant, Shiau et al [30] proposed that the deviation is rather a formation of a stable dispersion of microcrystals since the deviation was observed without coacervation. It has been found that SDS can adsorb onto precipitate particles and the dispersion can be destabilized by adding electrolyte to suppress the electrical double layer and hence reduce the electrostatic repulsion between particles [30,54]. In our system, coacervate formation has not been observed.…”
Section: Determination Of K Sp and Experimental Precipitation Phase Bcontrasting
Use of amphoteric and anionic surfactants is very common in practical formulations such as shampoos and hand dishwashing products. Precipitation of mixtures of dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) as an amphoteric surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant were studied at different pH levels. The DDAO is a pH-sensitive surfactant and its protonation can be expressed in terms of a pK a similar to an acid dissociation constant. The protonated form of DDAO carries a positive charge and precipitates with the oppositely charged SDS. Therefore, precipitation phase boundaries are pH dependent due to the varying degree of DDAO protonation. By combining the use of regular solution theory and the pseudophase separation model to describe micellar mixing nonidealities with the precipitate solubility product constant and the protonation dissociation constant, a model to predict the precipitation phase boundary is presented here. The model agrees well with experimental phase boundaries at different pH levels.
“…It has been established that all such systems contain additional soluble complex, ionic species, which are formed between the precipitating component ions. Definite departures from the straight-line relationship are observed and have been reported in the literature for three different types of systems: inorganic salts [Matijevic et al (1961)], metal carboxylates [Matijevic et al (1966), Nemeth and Matijevic (1971)], and metal xanthates [Sheikh (1972)]. Figure 5.10 shows the results obtained in silver bromide precipitation by Matijevic et al (1961).…”
“…It can be seen that zeta potential decreases with increasing Na oleate amount. This situation shows that the oleate adsorption on the calcite surface increases depending on the amount of Na oleate [28][29][30][31][32]. The optimum oil agglomeration recovery was obtained at zeta potential value −60 mV.…”
Section: The Effect Of Amount Of Na Oleatementioning
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.