Surface Chemistry of Froth Flotation

Leja, J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7975-5

Cited by 259 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(285 reference statements)

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“…As discussed in great detail (Russell & Hall 1997), they provide a very plausible solution to the problem of achieving concentrations of reactants synthesized through FeS chemistry that are sufficient to generate a molecule population of the complexity that prebiotic chemistry requires, if it is ever going to evolve life. For example, iron sulphides are known to have high affinities for organophosphates, cyanide (Woods 1976;Leja 1982), amines (Wark & Wark 1935) and formaldehyde (Rickard et al 2001).…”

Section: Iron Monosulphide: 3d Cells Not Just 2d Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells

Martin

Russell

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

722

621

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All life is organized as cells. Physical compartmentation from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things, hence inorganic matter with such attributes would be life's most likely forebear. We propose that life evolved in structured iron monosulphide precipitates in a seepage site hydrothermal mound at a redox, pH and temperature gradient between sulphide-rich hydrothermal fluid and iron(II)-containing waters of the Hadean ocean floor. The naturally arising, three-dimensional compartmentation observed within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates indicates that these inorganic compartments were the precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes. The known capability of FeS and NiS to catalyse the synthesis of the acetyl-methylsulphide from carbon monoxide and methylsulphide, constituents of hydrothermal fluid, indicates that pre-biotic syntheses occurred at the inner surfaces of these metal-sulphide-walled compartments, which furthermore restrained reacted products from diffusion into the ocean, providing sufficient concentrations of reactants to forge the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. The chemistry of what is known as the RNA-world could have taken place within these naturally forming, catalyticwalled compartments to give rise to replicating systems. Sufficient concentrations of precursors to support replication would have been synthesized in situ geochemically and biogeochemically, with FeS (and NiS) centres playing the central catalytic role. The universal ancestor we infer was not a free-living cell, but rather was confined to the naturally chemiosmotic, FeS compartments within which the synthesis of its constituents occurred. The first free-living cells are suggested to have been eubacterial and archaebacterial chemoautotrophs that emerged more than 3.8 Gyr ago from their inorganic confines. We propose that the emergence of these prokaryotic lineages from inorganic confines occurred independently, facilitated by the independent origins of membrane-lipid biosynthesis: isoprenoid ether membranes in the archaebacterial and fatty acid ester membranes in the eubacterial lineage. The eukaryotes, all of which are ancestrally heterotrophs and possess eubacterial lipids, are suggested to have arisen ca. 2 Gyr ago through symbiosis involving an autotrophic archaebacterial host and a heterotrophic eubacterial symbiont, the common ancestor of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. The attributes shared by all prokaryotes are viewed as inheritances from their confined universal ancestor. The attributes that distinguish eubacteria and archaebacteria, yet are uniform within the groups, are viewed as relics of their phase of differentiation after divergence from the non-free-living universal ancestor and before the origin of the free-living chemoautotrophic lifestyle. The attributes shared by eukaryotes with eubacteria and archaebacteria, respectively, are viewed as inheritances via symbiosis. The ...

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Section: Iron Monosulphide: 3d Cells Not Just 2d Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells

Martin

Russell

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

722

621

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“…The process of the surface wetting plays an extremely important role in everyday life and industry because the usefulness of many products like inks, adhesives, paints or cosmetics depends on the effective spreading of the wetting liquid on the solid surface (Rosen 2004;Tadros 1994;Leja 1982;Tandford and Reynolds 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixture with ethanol at nylon-6–solution interface with regard to nylon-6 wettability: I. The effect of adsorption on critical surface tension of nylon-6 wetting

2013

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The contact angle measurements of the aqueous solutions of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (TX-100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mixture with ethanol on nylon-6 were made in the range of the total concentration of CTAB and TX-100 mixture from 1 9 10 -6 to 1 9 10 -3 M and ethanol from 0 to 17.13 M. In the CTAB and TX-100 mixture the mole fraction of TX-100 was equal to 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1. On the basis of the obtained results, the critical surface tension of nylon-6 wetting was determined from the dependence of cosine of contact angle and the adhesion tension as a function of the surface tension of the solution. This tension was compared to the components and parameters of nylon-6 surface tension taken from literature and discussed in the light of the surface excess concentration of the surface active agents at the nylon-6-solution interface calculated from the Lucassen-Reynders equation and the Gibbs isotherm.

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“…The adjustment of pH in the flotation tub, by the addition of acids or alkalis (Leja, 1982), affects the extent to which hydration of solid surfaces occurs, excess of load density and the zeta potential effect. It also influences the ionisation or solubility of surface agents, the concentration of both aggregated or nonaggregated inorganic ions in the liquid phase, as well as the electrochemical and oxidation-reduction potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pH modifier on the flotation of celestite with sodium oleate and sodium metasilicate

Castro

Hoces

Borrego

1998

Minerals Engineering

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A~traet--This paper studies the influence of two pH modifiers, namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), on the flotation of celestite ore using sodium oleate as the collector and quebracho as the depressant. Results show that, for the same experimental conditions (pH = 10.5, sodium oleate = 1500 g/Tm and low quebracho concentrations), the use of Na2CO 3 provides enhanced recovery rates and concentration of celestite in the floated mineral, compared with NaOH.

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Surface Chemistry of Froth Flotation

Cited by 259 publications

References 220 publications

On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells

On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells

Adsorption of Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixture with ethanol at nylon-6–solution interface with regard to nylon-6 wettability: I. The effect of adsorption on critical surface tension of nylon-6 wetting

The effect of pH modifier on the flotation of celestite with sodium oleate and sodium metasilicate

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