Precious Metal Distributions in Direct Nickel Matte Smelting with Low-Cu Mattes

Piskunen, Petteri; Avarmaa, Katri; O’Brien, Hugh; Klemettinen, Lassi; Johto, Hannu

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-1115-5

Cited by 21 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 4 indicates clearly that when the matte assay was plotted as a function of iron concentration of the matte, no influence by the slag modifiers can be seen in the matte composition and they form a single line, independently of magnesia and potassia concentrations. A comparison with the sulfur concentrations of mattes with [Ni]/[Cu] = 4 by Piskunen et al [17] show an excellent agreement with the present data.…”

Section: Matte Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Basic oxides adjust the activity coefficients of iron oxides in the silica saturated iron silicate slag and at a constant oxygen partial pressure they change the activity of iron in the equilibrium system, as shown earlier. [17] As a consequence, MgO and K 2 O had a clear influence on the sulfide matte composition and particularly on the equilibrium concentration of iron in the nickel matte in each p O2 -p S2 point, see Fig. 3.…”

Section: Matte Compositionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The deportment of trace elements between nickel-copper-iron matte and iron silicate slag was investigated experimentally by Font et al [11] Recently, fundamentals of trace element partitioning in the DON smelting conditions, including operation conditions of FSF [17,18] and EF [19,20] have been investigated experimentally.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uncertainty of the temperature measurements was estimated as ±3 K. The details of the experimental furnace and its gas train have been described in previous publications. [17,22] In a preliminary time series of experimental runs, the time sufficient to attain equilibrium was determined to be four hours, as described earlier. [18] This equilibration time was employed for all experiments in the main series.…”

Section: High Temperature Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, compared to the simple case of ternary iron silicate slag of the system FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2 at silica saturation. The MgO-free data by Piskunen et al [17] (Ni/Cu = 4) are shown for comparison. The trend lines in Fig.…”

Section: Slag Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

Sukhomlinov

Virtanen

Latostenmaa³

et al. 2019

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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Slag chemistry of the direct nickel matte smelting was studied in typical industrial high-grade nickel matte smelting conditions at 1400°C and 0.1 atm p SO2. The experimental technique used involved equilibration, quenching and direct elemental phase composition analysis by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. Magnesia and potassia, a typical gangue constituent of sulfidic nickel concentrates and a common impurity of industrial grade silica flux (sand), respectively, were adopted as slag modifiers in concentrations typical to industrial operations. Their effects on oxidation degree of the nickel-copper-iron matte and equilibrium concentrations of Ni and Cu in the slag were studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Solubility of silica in the slag increased significantly with additions of MgO and K 2 O in the constrained case studied, at silica saturation. Equilibrium concentrations of Ni and Cu in the slag containing MgO and K 2 O were about a quarter lower compared to the pure iron silicate slag, in the entire oxygen partial pressure range studied.

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Section: Matte Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Matte Compositionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Temperature Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slag Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

Sukhomlinov

Virtanen

Latostenmaa³

et al. 2019

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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Selective Sulfidation and Electrowinning of Nickel and Cobalt for Lithium Ion Battery Recycling

Stinn

Allanore

2021

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Processes for recycling lithium ion batteries (LIB), in particular complex chemistries such as those containing nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes, are hindered by tradeoffs between capital cost, process sustainability, and materials recovery. Most metal separations in primary and secondary production of critical elements rely on anion exchange chemistries. Herein, we explore the application of a novel oxide-sulfide anion exchange methodology to facilitate LIB recycling. Beginning with selective sulfidation of NMC cathode oxides, we demonstrate that lithium may be stabilized as a sulfate, manganese as an oxysulfide, and nickel and cobalt as sulfides from the mixed metal feed, potentially facilitating isolation of lithium via leaching and nickel-cobalt via flotation. Following, we explore molten sulfide electrolysis as a method of process intensification, combining separation and reduction into a single unit operation for difficult to separate metals such as cobalt and nickel. We demonstrate selective reduction of cobalt from mixed nickel-cobalt sulfide, as produced in selective sulfidation of waste NMC cathodes, using a barium-lanthanum sulfide supporting electrolyte. Our preliminary results suggest that selective sulfidation as a pretreatment for selective molten sulfide electrolysis is a promising avenue for separation of critical elements from complicated materials feeds, such as those found in lithium ion battery recycling streams.

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Fundamental Process Equilibria of Base and Trace Elements in the DON Smelting of Various Nickel Concentrates

Taskinen

Avarmaa

Johto

et al. 2018

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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The converter-less nickel matte smelting technology (DON) adopted more than 20 years ago in Boliden Harjavalta smelter has been since that applied successfully to the processing of large number of nickel sulphide concentrates of various Ni-to-Cu ratios and MgO contents. The operational point of the technology is far from the conventional primary nickel smelting in the smelting-converting route. Therefore, a careful scouting of distribution equilibria of the base and trace elements in the smelting conditions of DON process has been conducted, in order to obtain quantitative information about the equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the nickel mattes at low iron concentrations, less than 10 wt-% [Fe] in matte. The series of investigations has included novel experimental and analytical techniques for increasing the reliability and sensitivity of the phase equilibria as well as the element distribution observations carried out in typical high-grade nickel matte smelting conditions.

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Precious Metal Distributions in Direct Nickel Matte Smelting with Low-Cu Mattes

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

Impact of MgO and K2O on Slag-Nickel Matte Equilibria

Selective Sulfidation and Electrowinning of Nickel and Cobalt for Lithium Ion Battery Recycling

Fundamental Process Equilibria of Base and Trace Elements in the DON Smelting of Various Nickel Concentrates

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