Quoting 13 2.1. 'Here and now'? 13 2.2. What are people quoting today? 15 2.3. Gathering and storing quotations 33 3. Putting Others' Words on Stage: Arts and Ambiguities of Today's Quoting 43 3.1. Signalling quotation 43 3.2. When to quote and how 55 3.3. To quote or not to quote 63 3.4. So why quote? 74 II. BEYOND THE HERE AND NOW 4. Quotation Marks: Present, Past, and Future 79 4.1. What are quote marks and where did they come from? 80 4.2. What do they mean? 95 4.3. Do we need them? 108 5. Harvesting Others' Words: The Long Tradition of Quotation Collections 113 5.1. A present-day example: The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations 114 5.2. Forerunners in the written Western tradition 120 5.3. Where did they come from? 5.4. Why collect quotations? viii Why Do We Quote? 6. Quotation in Sight and Sound 153 6.1. Quoting and writing -inseparable twins? 6.2 The wealth of oral quotation 6.3 Quoting blossoms in performance 6.4 Music, script and image 173 7. Arts and Rites of Quoting 183 7.1 Frames for others' words and voices 7.1.1 Narrative and its plural voices 7.1.2. Poetry 188 7.1.3 Exposition and rhetoric 7.1.4 Ritual and sacred texts 7.1.5 Play 7.1.6 Displayed text 7.2. An array of quoting arts 198 7.3. How do the thousand flowers grow and who savours them? 8. Controlling Quotation: The Regulation of Others' Words and Voices 8.1.Who plants and guards the flowers? Imitation, authorship, and plagiarism 223 8.2. Constraining and allowing quotation: flower or weed? 8.3. The fields where quoting grows III. DISTANCE AND PRESENCE 253 9. What Is Quotation and Why Do We Do It? 9.1. So what is it? 9.2. The far and near of quoting 9.3. Why quote? Appendix 1. Quoting the Academics Background to this study: citing the authorities Academics quoting Appendix 2. List of the Mass Observation Writers References Index List of Illustrations Page 1.1 'If it weren't for the last minute…' 1.2 'Dad turns out all right'1.3 War memorial, Church Green Road, Bletchley, November 2009 1.4 Graveyard quoting 2.1 Example of extract from a mass observer's comment 2.2 An 85 year-old widow's quoting 2.3 Sayings in 'our circle of friends' 2.4 A large collection of quotation books 3.1 'I was suddenly conscious of the quote marks' 47 4.1