Pre-reform Socialist Welfare Housing Estates in China: Physical Conditions and Social Profiles

Abstract

Beginning in the 1950s, municipal governments and state-owned enterprises built socialist welfare housing estates. When the 1990s arrived, these agencies sold many of these same estates to the sitting tenants. Although the welfare system has changed, these pre-reform housing estates have become important in the urban environment and housing market. This paper examines their physical condition, the socio-economic profiles of their residents, and how these residents view their estates. The respective research questions are: What are the physical conditions of the pre-reform housing estates? Who lives in these estates? What are their opinions of their housing and of their estate communities? The research focuses on the Yangtze River Delta region, reporting on fieldwork in four housing estates still occupied by the original tenants. Data comes from a survey of 217 households as well as in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that most residents are older with low income. Although their housing is poorly maintained and managed, most prefer to continue living in their estate. These results suggest the central government should give local authorities autonomy regarding the renewal and maintenance pre-reform socialist welfare housing and local authorities need to take definite steps to improve the estate communities within their jurisdiction.

Evolution of Urban Socio-Spatial Structure in Modern Times in Xi’an, China

“…The welfare distribution system in this period had formed the unit communities, workers belonged to different work units, based on their length of employment, age, position and educational background, and so on, to obtain housing [89,90]. Unit communities integrated working space and residential space, and became a basic unit of urban social space [91]. Socialist China was successful in establishing a classless social space without significant income inequality.…”