“…Several previous histological observations revealed that both adventitious roots and shoots initiate from the procambium or cambium (Greenwood et al, 2001;Ahkami et al, 2009Ahkami et al, , 2013de Almeida et al, 2012;Correa Lda et al, 2012), and callus also initiates from procambium cells (Yu et al, 2010). Thus, it is possible that procambium cells, perhaps together with some parenchyma cells near the procambium in leaf explants, function like the xylempole pericycle cells in roots to produce callus, adventitious roots, and adventitious shoots.…”