Pre-irradiation induced grafting of styrene into crosslinked and non-crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene films for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications. I: Influence of styrene grafting conditions

Radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder for polymer electrolyte fuel cell application

“…W dry (g) is the dry weight of the polymer electrolyte membrane in the protonic form. Theoretical IEC (IEC theory ) can be calculated, making the assumption that 100% sulfonation of the grafted styrene occurs, i.e., one sulfonic acid group per styrene unit, by applying the following equation [33]:…”

Tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene coatings based on LY12 substrates in the space environment

“…Increasing dose results in a change-over of the damage mechanism to cross-linking. Oshima et al [4][5] found that PTFE was extremely sensitive to radiation, resulting from the chain scission of PTFE main chain, while the PTFE could be crosslinked upon irradiation at its melting temperature under an oxygen-free condition in the film state, and the crosslinked PTFE film was quite stable towards the high-energy radiation and easily underwent the grafting modification (compared with uncrosslinked PTFE film [6][7][8][9] ). Allayarov et al [10] found that the helical structure of individual perfluroalkanes readily distorted on removal of a fluorine and this would have an impact on the overall structure of the material.…”

A novel approach to prepare proton exchange membranes from fluoropolymer powder by pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization

“…Radiation induced graft polymerization, one of the many routes to novel PEMs, has been extensively studied and reported [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The general aspect of this method is the grafting of styrene [4,6] or co-monomers [10] into commercialized fluoropolymer films or membranes, by irradiation with ␥-rays or electron-beams [11], classified as simultaneous irradiation or pre-irradiation.…”

“…The general aspect of this method is the grafting of styrene [4,6] or co-monomers [10] into commercialized fluoropolymer films or membranes, by irradiation with ␥-rays or electron-beams [11], classified as simultaneous irradiation or pre-irradiation. Finally, the PEM can then be obtained by successive sulfonation of the grafted films.…”