Pre-Emphasis Pulse Design for Reducing Bit-Line Access Time in NAND Flash Memory

Abstract

This paper describes pre-emphasis (PE) pulses to reduce bit-line (BL) access time in NAND flash memory. Optimum PE pulse widths and resultant minimum BL delay times are investigated, where the BL delay is determined by the sense current at the input terminal of a sensing circuit in contrast with the word-line (WL) delay that is determined by the WL voltage at the gate of a selected memory cell. Two BL models are used, namely, a single-line model (SLM) for the shielded BL read operation and a three-line model (TLM) for the all-BL read operation. Under the condition that the sense current delay is defined by the time when the sense current becomes stable between 110% and 90% of the cell current and the BL voltage delay is defined by the time when the BL voltage at the selected cell reaches a window between 110% and 90%, SPICE simulation results show that the sensed current delay and the BL voltage delay are reduced by 43% and 36% in the case of SLM and by 16% and 28% in the case of TLM, respectively. Thus, the key results are the following: (1) PE pulses are effective to reduce the sense current delay time for BL access, as well as the BL voltage delay time for both SLM and TLM; (2) the sensitivity of the PE pulse on the delay time is much larger for the sensed current delay than the BL voltage delay due to the absence of filtering with the RC delay element in BL delay; and (3) address-dependent PE pulse control can reduce the sense current delay significantly, especially for access to cells closely located to the sensing circuit.

Probabilistic Analysis of an RL Circuit Transient Response under Inductor Failure Conditions

“…Similarly, an electric circuit which only has resistors and an inductor is called an RL circuit and has multiple types of applications in a diverse range of electrical devices and equipment [7][8][9]. The applications of RC and RL circuits can be broadly categorized in two domains, i.e., timeand frequency-domain applications [10][11][12][13][14]. In typical time-domain applications, an RL circuit may be employed for the control of the timing of an event by managing the time it takes to energize or de-energize the inductor.…”