Abstract:We evaluate the causes and consequences of pre-electoral coalitions (PECs). In Finland, local elections use a proportional representation system with open lists, and parties may form joint lists. We document that PECs are more common between parties of equal size and similar ideology, and when elections are more disproportional or involve more parties. Using both difference-indifferences and density discontinuity designs we document that voters punish coalescing parties, especially if they are ideologically di… Show more
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