Nutritional factors play an important role across the life course but also across generations.It is now well-demonstrated that nutrition and other lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy have an impact on pregnancy outcomes for both mother and neonate health, including risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension, preterm delivery, low birth weight, perinatal survival and risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life [1,2]. Moreover, recent researches demonstrate that nutrition can also influence germ cells through hormone changes and epigenetic mechanisms both in women and males, and thus further modify embryo and fetus development [3].According to international guidelines [4-6], the outcomes of interest during pregnancy are both maternal and fetal/neonatal and most of them are under the influence of nutritional factors. The main maternal outcomes that should be monitored are infections, anaemia, preeclampsia/eclampsia, GDM, mode of delivery, excessive weight gain, other outcomes (intimate partner violence, side-effects, symptomatic relief, maternal mortality, as well as maternal satisfaction and/or women's rating of usefulness of treatment). Fetal/neonatal outcomes include neonatal infections, small or large for gestational age, low birth weight, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, fetal/neonatal mortality.We shall try below to summarize the main nutritional interventions recommended by international guidelines in line with current evidence and raise some unanswered questions that should be the subject of further research. #1 Counselling about healthy diet and being physically active should be offered to all pregnant women to maintain their health and avoid excessive weight gain A Cochrane review including 65 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 11,444 women [7] found that diet, exercise or combined diet and exercise interventions reduced the risk of excessive weight gain during pregnancy by 20%. Other favourable effects of such interventions were seen on risk of maternal hypertension,