Active non-volatile taste components, including free amino acids, the flavor of the 5'-nucleotides, lactic acid, succinic acid and 4 kinds of inorganic ions (chloride, sodium, potassium, phosphate ions) of the viscera and the adductor muscles of oysters (Ostrea rivularis) were analyzed. Additionally, a contrast experiment was conducted to highlight the difference in tastes between adductor muscle extracts and viscera extracts. Taste activity values (TAVs) and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) were calculated for samples of the two tissues. Our results showed that the total amount of free amino acid in the adductor muscle was about 5 times as that in the viscera; and the TAVs of five free amino acids in the muscle exceeded 1, while TAVs of all amino acids found in the viscera were below 1. Additionally, the EUC of the adductor muscle was about 35 times as that of the viscera. The TAVs of succinic acid were above 1 in both tissues. Cl − contents in the muscle and the viscera were approximately equal, but the contents of the other three inorganic ions we tested were different. Furthermore, the results of sensory tests showed that the adductor muscle was preferred to the viscera. In conclusion, the taste of the adductor muscle was found to be far more intense and preferable to that of the viscera.Keywords: oyster, non-volatile taste components, viscera, adductor muscle, umami, TAV *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chaohuaz@sohu.com
IntroductionSeafood condiments are frequently used in our daily life to enhance the flavor of our food. Several studies have successfully identified the active flavor compounds in seafood (Spurvey and Shahidi, 1998;Fuke and Konosu, 1991;Ninomiya, 2002). Generally speaking, flavor compounds include volatile compounds and nonvolatile components, and the latter consists of water-soluble and low-molecularweight components. The nonvolatile components of flavor compounds are considered to be the source of flavor and are classified into nitrogenous (free amino acids, nucleotides, organic bases and related compounds) and non-nitrogenous compounds (sugars, organic acids and inorganic compounds) with the exception of vitamins, minerals and pigments (Konosu and Yamaguchi, 1982). However, taste is not only related to the concentration of such compounds, but also influenced by their detection thresholds. That is why taste activity value (TAV) is widely used in evaluating the taste impact of the individual taste active compound in the food system. TAV is the ratio of concentration of an individual compound divided by its corresponding taste identification threshold. If the TAV value is above 1, the individual compound is considered to be active in food taste (Rotzoll et al., 2006; charbert and Hofmann, 2005;Schlichtherle and Grosch, 1998). Moreover, Mau (2005) introduced an alternative metric called Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) that is based on the concentration of nonvolatile components. EUC is the concentration of MSG equivalenting to the umami intensity given by the mi...