Pre-clinical Models for Oral and Periodontal Reconstructive Therapies

Abstract

The development of new medical formulations (NMF) for reconstructive therapies has considerably improved the available treatment options for individuals requiring periodontal repair or oral implant rehabilitation. Progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine modalities strongly depends on validated pre-clinical research. Preclinical testing has contributed to the recent approval of NMF such as GEM 21S ® and INFUSE ® bone grafts for periodontal and oral regenerative therapies. However, the selection of a suitable preclinical model for evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a NMF remains a challenge. This review is designed to serve as a primer to choose the appropriate pre-clinical models for the evaluation of NMF in situations requiring periodontal or oral reconstruction. Here, we summarize commonly used pre-clinical models and provide examples of screening and functional studies of NMF that can be translated into clinical use.

Periostin is Down-regulated during Periodontal Inflammation

“…No significant differences in ABL, BV, or BMD were observed within the 2-and 4-week time-points, which is consistent with results of previous studies Pellegrini et al, 2009;Rios and Giannobile, 2011). However, the levels of periostin were reduced from 2 to 4 wks.…”

Image-Based, Fiber Guiding Scaffolds: A Platform for Regenerating Tissue Interfaces

“…In periodontal regeneration studies, the rodent fenestration model has often been used to evaluate regenerative strategies and outcomes under biomechanical loading conditions. 34,35 Experimental design…”

Tooth regeneration: a revolution in stomatology and evolution in regenerative medicine

“…[12];  Regeneration of dental pulp (discussed below; c.f. [13]);  Regeneration of dentin based on biological approaches and potentially as biological fillers that may replace current synthetic materials for restorative dentistry [14][15][16];  Regeneration of cementum as a part of periodontium regeneration or for loss of cementum and/or dentin resulting from trauma or orthodontic tooth movement [17][18];  Regeneration of the periodontium including cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone [19][20][21][22];  Regeneration or synthesis of enamel-like structures that may be used as biological substitute for lost enamel [23][24][25]. Since a tooth is a biological organ, it is unavoidable that regeneration of various components of the tooth is highly inter-connected.…”