Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal serum adiponectin and Ιnterleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels during the pre-and post-partum periods in pregnant women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: Thirty control pregnant Caucasian women without GDM and thirty Body Mass Index (BMI) and age-matched Caucasian women with GDM examined in the outpatient clinic between the 24 th and 26 th week of their pregnancy and on the 3 rd day postpartum underwent anthropometry and had serum blood taken. Both groups, were monitored by a dietitian and had comparable weight gain during pregnancy. Birth weight was also measured. RESULTS: At the 3 rd day postpartum, compared to the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, lower serum IL-1β levels and lower Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. At the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, higher IL-1β and higher HOMA-IR values compared to women without GDM. At the 3 rd day postpartum, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, higher IL-1β and higher HOMA-IR values compared to women without GDM. Second trimester serum adiponectin values of women with GDM correlated negatively with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational diabetes is a state of insulin resistance associated with altered levels of proinflammatory cytokines, increased IL-1β and decreased adiponectin values. Both of these alterations might be attributed to placental pathology in pregnancies with GDM.

Cytokine Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review of the Literature

“…After screening titles and abstracts, 31 references were selected for full-text reading [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] and 23 citations reporting on 22 studies were included in this review (Fig. 2).…”

“…Twenty of the studies (90.9%) provided information on the participants′ BMI, seven informed their ethnicity, 19,23,25,27,42,43,46 and seven informed their smoking status. 16,18,23,24,29,42,46 Most of the studies were judged to be of moderate or high quality in all domains assessed. The worse domain was quality of results: almost one-third of the studies provided no information on sample size calculation and/or power and did not adjust their results for potential confounders/effect modifiers ( Fig.…”

“…Most of the studies assessed cytokine levels in serum (11/22) 16,18,21,24,26,28,[39][40][41][42]46 or plasma (9/22) 17,19,20,22,25,27,29,44,45 samples. Commercial immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) kits were used for cytokine analyses in almost all studies (18/22).…”

“…23,25,27,29 Almost 70% of the studies assessed only one cytokine. 16,[18][19][20][21][22]24,26,28,[40][41][42][44][45][46] Table II presents cytokine concentrations in women with and without GDM. A summary of findings of the 22 studies on the cytokine levels in patients with GDM compared with healthy controls is presented on Table III.…”

“…Although several studies matched groups according to BMI and/or to gestational age at sampling, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29]42,43,46 others did not. 25,[39][40][41]44,45 Smoking habits and ethnicity of the participants were not reported by almost 70% of the studies included in this review.…”