Effectiveness studies support good results for intensified aftercare, but they often refer to only part of the relevant cardiovascular risk factors and to only medium-term observation, while long-term proof of effectiveness is scarce. A small number of programmes with positive outcomes relative to the risk profile suggest that integration of preventive and health promotion activities can contribute strongly to improving and stabilizing the effects achieved in rehabilitation. The present analysis indicates further need for research in order to verify the effects of existing post-rehabilitation programmes concerning cardiovascular risk factors and determination of the relevant target groups.