Pravastatin and gemfibrozil alone and in combination for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia

Wiklund, Olov; Angelin, B.; Bergman, Michael; Berglund, Lars; Bondjers, Göran; Carlsson, Anders; Lindén, Tomas; Miettinen, Tatu A.; Ödman, Bengt; Olofsson, S.; Saarinen, Inkeri; Sipilä, Reetta; Sjöström, Per; Kron, B; Vanhanen, Hannu; Wright, Irma

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(93)90114-5

Cited by 149 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Myalgias were defined in the studies as myalgias, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] myopathy, 20 -22 arthralgias, 23 musculoskeletal pain 24,25 or symptoms/disorders, 26 -30 muscle pain, [31][32][33][34] severe or unusual muscle aches or pains, 35 and musculoskeletal/connective tissue symptoms. 36 …”

Section: Myalgiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varying laboratory parameters were used by different studies to define CK elevations: CK Ͼupper limit of normal (ULN), 23 CK Ͼ3 times ULN, 17,31,35,37,38 CK Ͼ4 times ULN or pretreatment value, 15,24,25,32,33,39 CK ϾULN on 2 consecutive visits, 40 CK Ͼ5 times ULN, 13,20 increased CK, 41 CK elevations on Ն2 occasions, 36 elevated CK with muscle pain, 30,42 and significant CK elevations. 19 …”

Section: Ck Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks Associated With Statin Therapy

Kashani

Phillips²,

Foody³

et al. 2006

Circulation

421

129

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Section: Myalgiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ck Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Associated With Statin Therapy

Kashani

Phillips²,

Foody³

et al. 2006

Circulation

421

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Algunos de estos compuestos están incluidos en el Plan Obligatorio de Salud (POS) (MINSALUD 2015), lo que favorece su prescripción por parte de las entidades de salud. Entre estos, el gemfibrozilo, que es usado en el tratamiento de colesterol alto, y la carbamazepina, cuyo principal metabolito es el CBZ-Diol, usada para el manejo de epilepsia, neuralgias del nervio trigémino y glosofaríngeas y condiciones de excitación maniaca (Wiklund et al 1993, Houeto et al 2012.…”

Section: Muestreo Preliminarunclassified

Estudio Exploratorio De La Presencia De Microcontaminantes en El Ciclo Urbano Del Agua en Colombia: Caso De Estudio Santiago De Cali

Madera-Parra

Jiménez-Bambague

Toro-Vélez³

et al. 2018

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Palabras clave: compuestos farmacéuticos, disruptores endocrinos, agua potable, agua residual, agua superficial RESUMEN Los microcontaminantes incluyen una amplia gama de compuestos presentes en el ambiente en concentraciones de µg/L o ng/L. En este estudio se analizó la presencia y concentración de microcontaminantes como compuestos farmacéuticos y disruptores endocrinos en el ciclo urbano del agua de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia, donde se incluyeron cuatro puntos de monitoreo de agua superficial, tres de agua potable y uno de agua residual. Se realizaron cinco jornadas de muestreo: un muestreo preliminar en el cual se cuantificaron 92 compuestos clasificados en cinco grupos de compuestos farmacéuticos (I, II, III, IV y V) y un grupo de disruptores endocrinos (DE), a partir del cual se priorizaron tres grupos a ser determinados en los cuatro muestreos siguientes. Los criterios de presencia, concentración, efectos sobre la biota acuática y financiamiento de la investigación, se emplearon para seleccionar los grupos I, IV y DE, los cuales tuvieron una presencia superior al 48 % y una concentración media de hasta 11 000 ng/L. Se encontró que los compuestos más relevantes, en términos de presencia y concentración en el ciclo urbano del agua fueron 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihidroxicarbamazepina, ibuprofeno, naproxeno, gemfibrozilo, paracetamol, sulfametoxazol, estronas, 4-iso-nonilfenol y bisfenol A. La presencia en el ciclo urbano del agua de Cali genera una alerta por la potencial amenaza sobre los organismos acuáticos y la salud humana.Key words: pharmaceutical compounds, endocrine disruptors, drinking water, wastewater, superficial water ABSTRACT Micropollutants includes a wide variety of compounds in environmental concentrations of µg/L or ng/L. The presence and concentration of micropollutants, as pharmaceutical and endocrine disruptors compounds, were studied throughout the urban water cycle of Santiago de Cali city, Colombia. In order to do this, samples were collected in four points of surface water, three of drinking water and one of wastewater. Five samplings were carried out: one screening with 92 compounds measured, classified in five pharmaceutical compounds groups (I, II, III, IV and V) and one endocrine disruptors group Rev. Int.

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“…Muscular side effects, from myalgia up to severe rhabdomyolysis, have been described with all statins, mainly in elderly patients with chronic renal failure. Acute rhabdomyolysis, a serious and potentially fatal adverse effect of all statins, was about 10 times more common with cerivastatin monotherapy [21][22][23] than with lovastatin [24][25][26][27][28], atorvastatin [29], simvastatin [30][31][32][33], pravastatin [34,35] and fluvastatin [36].…”

Section: Metabolism and Tolerability Of Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Are Adverse Effects Predictable and Reversible?

Muscari

Puddu

2002

Cardiology

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Most of the currently available statins and fibric acid derivatives have been implicated in causing complications either in monotherapy or in combination therapy. Adverse events occur more often with the statins that are metabolized via the CYP enzyme system and its 3A4, 2C9 or 2C19 paths. All compounds interfering with the same cytochrome system may either impair or enhance the elimination of statins. Other factors predisposing to adverse effects are age, female sex, renal insufficiency, electrolyte disturbances, infections and trauma. Complications chiefly concern the hepatic function, skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves. The major adverse effect is myopathy, up to rhabdomyolysis with ensuing acute renal insufficiency. Fibrates bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors α, with subsequent stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and reduction in the rate of hepatic lipid generation. Fibrates are associated with a number of adverse effects, including liver enzyme elevations, gastrointestinal side effects and rhabdomyolysis. The combination of statins with fibrates may cause serious complications and should be avoided when possible. In order to prevent or minimize adverse clinical outcomes, patients should be closely monitored and informed of the most common symptoms.

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Pravastatin and gemfibrozil alone and in combination for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia

Cited by 149 publications

References 30 publications

Risks Associated With Statin Therapy

Risks Associated With Statin Therapy

Estudio Exploratorio De La Presencia De Microcontaminantes en El Ciclo Urbano Del Agua en Colombia: Caso De Estudio Santiago De Cali

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Are Adverse Effects Predictable and Reversible?

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