Prader–Willi Syndrome and Weight Gain Control: From Prevention to Surgery—A Narrative Review

Calcaterra, Valeria; Magenes, Vittoria Carlotta; Destro, Francesca; Baldassarre, Paola; Silvestro, Giustino Simone; Tricella, Chiara; Visioli, Alessandro; Verduci, Elvira; Pelizzo, Glória; Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo

doi:10.3390/children10030564

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 103 publications

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“…Prader–Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by muscular hypotonia, dysmorphic features, low lean body mass, mental retardation, behavioral abnormalities, and an insatiable appetite that leads to morbid obesity [ 65 , 66 ]. In these patients, persistently high serum levels of ghrelin (a hormone produced by gastric mucosa which normally stimulates short-term food intake during starvation) play a central role in promoting hyperphagia, increasing appetite, weight gain, and obesity, thus increasing the risk of obesity-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia [ 67 ]. Down Syndrome is the most frequent viable chromosomal abnormality worldwide [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2023

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There is an increasing interest in dyslipidemia in adult patients since it is known to contribute to early cardiovascular disease. Often, dyslipidemia starts in childhood, and it is associated with aggravating lifestyle choices concerning eating habits, such as the tendency to consume processed food and fast food, as well as the tendency to be more and more sedentary. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study describing the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a single medical center in Romania and the associated pathology. We evaluated all lipid profiles that were ordered in our clinic over nine years. We included 2413 patients that were evaluated in our clinic in the timeframe 2011–2020. Out of them, 18.23% had high values for LDL-cholesterol. More than a quarter (25.91%) were diagnosed with obesity. 11.37% of the patients with high LDL-cholesterol levels had various metabolic disorders including primary dyslipidemia. A small number of patients with hypercholesterolemia had thyroid disorders (4.10%). Patients with high LDL-cholesterol had various diagnoses ranging from metabolic to neurologic disorders, keeping in mind that there are multiple pathologies that can lead to dyslipidemia. Evaluating children for dyslipidemia is at hand for medical professionals. Screening for dyslipidemia in children would provide the opportunity to prevent rather than treat cardiovascular events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2023

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Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies: Four case reports

Song,

Xu,

et al. 2024

World J Clin Cases

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BACKGROUND As research on diabetes continues to advance, more complex classifications of this disease have emerged, revealing the existence of special types of diabetes, and many of these patients are prone to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, leading to treatment delays and increased health care costs. The purpose of this study was to identify four causes of secondary diabetes. CASE SUMMARY Secondary diabetes can be caused by various factors, some of which are often overlooked. These factors include genetic defects, autoimmune disorders, and diabetes induced by tumours. This paper describes four types of secondary diabetes caused by Williams–Beuren syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, pituitary adenoma, and IgG4-related diseases. These cases deviate significantly from the typical progression of the disease due to their low incidence and rarity, often leading to their neglect in clinical practice. In comparison to regular diabetes patients, the four individuals described here exhibited distinct characteristics. Standard hypoglycaemic treatments failed to effectively control the disease. Subsequently, a series of examinations and follow-up history confirmed the diagnosis and underlying cause of diabetes. Upon addressing the primary condition, such as excising a pituitary adenoma, providing glucocorticoid supplementation, and implementing symptomatic treatments, all patients experienced a considerable decrease in blood glucose levels, which were subsequently maintained within a stable range. Furthermore, other accompanying symptoms improved. CONCLUSION Rare diseases causing secondary diabetes are often not considered in the diagnosis of diabetes. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct genetic tests, antibody detection and other appropriate diagnostic measures when necessary to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention through proactive and efficient management of the underlying condition, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

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Prader–Willi Syndrome and Weight Gain Control: From Prevention to Surgery—A Narrative Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 103 publications

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies: Four case reports

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