Practices of pharmacies that compound extemporaneous formulations

Abstract

A survey of compounding pharmacies found variability in overall compounding practices and training and in practices specifically related to compounding preparations of caffeine citrate.

Impact of Pharmacotherapy on Interstage Outcomes in Single Ventricle Infants

“…Pharmacies capable of compounding these medications can be difficult to locate, making the acquisition of these medications difficult. This difficulty may further decrease caregiver compliance 26,27 …”

Determinants and frequency of pharmaceutical compounding in pharmacy practice in Palestine

“…[15][16][17] Within the past decade, attempts have been made to raise the standards of all compounding practices through the efforts of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). [2] The USP has put forth further procedures and requirements on compounding sterile and non-sterile preparations in an attempt to raise the standards of compounding and prevent the risk of patient harm. [18] In our country, there are no regulations at all to ensure the quality and safety of compounded medications.…”

“…However, pharmacists are obligated to ensure that the medications they compound are safe, effective and of exceptional quality. [2] Pharmacy graduates provided with relevant compounding experience will be better equipped to optimize patient outcomes than graduates who are not trained in compounding. [19] Efforts to improve training and education of pharmacy staff, environmental control, quality assurance and sterilization practices will result in safe compounded medications.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] For centuries, compounding was a core task of pharmacists. Compounded prescriptions as a fraction of total prescription volume decreased during the twentieth century, to an apparent low of less than 1% during the 1970s.…”

Pharmacy compounding of high-risk level products and patient safety

“…Therefore, organizations such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) have provided guidance for the preparation of CSPs. 12 Compounding pharmacists must remain diligent in their compounding skills and decisions related to compounded formulations, particularly in the preparation of high-risk CSPs, which pose the greatest risk to patients. In addition to practice skills, compounding pharmacists must understand the legal and regulatory implications associated with the preparation of high-risk CSPs in order to protect both patient welfare and professionalism of pharmacy.…”