“…In some studies, seclusion has been grouped together with other interventions such as restraint and administration of parenteral medication or it has not been made clear how it was measured (D'Orio et al, 2004;Donat, 2003;Donovan et al, 2003;Duxbury, 2002;El-Badri & Mellsop, 2002;Hafner et al, 1989;Haller et al, 1996;Kaltiala-Heino et al, 2003;Khadivi et al, 2004;O'Brien & Cole, 2004;Salib et al, 1998;Tunde-Ayinmode & Little, 2004;Visalli & McNasser, 2000). Previous studies have, for instance, measured number of episodes of seclusion in a given time period.…”