Practical Considerations when Using Mouse Models of Diabetes

King, Aileen; Gatward, Lydia F. Daniels; Kennard, Matilda R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Blood glucose concentration is a common end point in diabetes research and is classically measured using a glucose meter (glucometer) at standard single time‐points. This method involves delivering a needle‐prick or cut to the tip of the tail and gently massaging the tail from the base upwards to generate a blood droplet 11 . This droplet is captured on a glucose strip placed inside a handheld glucometer, which normally requires 0.5–2 µl of blood 11 .…”

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method involves delivering a needle‐prick or cut to the tip of the tail and gently massaging the tail from the base upwards to generate a blood droplet 11 . This droplet is captured on a glucose strip placed inside a handheld glucometer, which normally requires 0.5–2 µl of blood 11 . This technique is simple, requires only partial restraint and provides a blood glucose concentration reading within seconds.…”

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocols undertaken during experimentation (e.g., glucometer measurements, GTTs and ITTs) can also vary. These procedures all involve handling the mice and obtaining a blood sample using the tail‐prick glucometer method 11 . For GTTs and ITTs, either a glucose or insulin bolus is then administered with repeated blood samples obtained over ~2 h 2,23,26 .…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Accu‐Chek Performa meter (Roche) requires 0.6 µl of blood whereas Stat Strip Xpress meters (Nova Biomedical) require 1.2 µl 39,40 . Although historically blood samples were often obtained by cutting the tip of the tail with scissors or a scalpel, these blood volumes can now be obtained via a simple needle prick at the end of the tail 11 . Choice of needle size is dependent on blood volume required, but 27–30 G needles are sufficient for most glucometers.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 This droplet is captured on a glucose strip placed inside a handheld glucometer, which normally requires 0.5-2 µl of blood. 11 This technique is simple, requires only partial restraint and provides a blood glucose concentration reading within seconds. Glucometer readings are typically taken in either a fed (often described as 'random') or fasted state.…”

Section: Measuring Blood Glucose Concentrations Using a Glucometermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols

et al. 2021

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Mice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.

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Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%