Practical considerations for optimal transdermal drug delivery

Today, $74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found to be as effective as desired. To improve such characteristics, transdermal drug delivery was brought to existence. This delivery system is capable of transporting the drug or macromolecules painlessly through skin into the blood circulation at fixed rate. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive techniques of drug delivery. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are prevention from hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. Human skin surface, as a site of drug application for both local and systemic effects, is the most eligible candidate available. New controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) technologies (electrically-based, structure-based and velocity-based) have been developed and commercialized for the transdermal delivery of troublesome drugs. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation via effective drug delivery system.

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“…Suitable route for unconsious or vomiting patient. Lesser chances of overdose and easy detection of drug (Durand et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation enhancer strategies in transdermal drug delivery

et al. 2014

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“…Less frequent dosing, lower peak plasma drug concentration compared with other types of administration forms and avoidance of first-passage metabolism are some reported benefits suggesting that this administration form may have increased compliance, effectiveness and safety compared to oral administration [1,2]. In addition, patches offer the potential to deliver medications that would otherwise require injections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medication errors related to transdermal opioid patches: lessons from a regional incident reporting system

Lövborg

Holmlund

Hägg

2014

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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ObjectiveA few cases of adverse reactions linked to erroneous use of transdermal opioid patches have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize medication errors (MEs) associated with use of transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine.MethodsAll events concerning transdermal opioid patches reported between 2004 and 2011 to a regional incident reporting system and assessed as MEs were scrutinized and characterized. MEs were defined as “a failure in the treatment process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient”.ResultsIn the study 151 MEs were identified. The three most common error types were wrong administration time 67 (44%), wrong dose 34 (23%), and omission of dose 20 (13%). Of all MEs, 118 (78%) occurred in the administration stage of the medication process. Harm was reported in 26 (17%) of the included cases, of which 2 (1%) were regarded as serious harm (nausea/vomiting and respiratory depression). Pain was the most common adverse reaction reported.ConclusionsOf the reported MEs related to transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine, most occurred during administration. Improved routines to ascertain correct and timely administration and educational interventions to reduce MEs for these drugs are warranted.

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“…Therefore, medicines that are suited for passive patch technology have a small molecular mass (< 500 Da) and are lipophilic. 6 These drugs must also be chemically stable during patch storage and during transdermal diffusion once the patch is applied.…”

Section: Types Of Transdermal Therapeutic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%