“…Many dark kitchens offer utilitarian meals, i.e., they serve consumers who want a quick and cheap lunch or dinner but do not refrain from eating complete meals (e.g., a combination of rice, beans, protein dish, salad, and some dessert). In this case the management is oriented for a cost leadership strategy (Legimai et al, 2022;Uyar et al, 2022;Wallace & Wallace, 2022). Instead, it is possible to see many dark kitchens offering hedonic foods such as snacks and desserts.…”