Poxvirus-driven human diseases and emerging therapeutics

Rajsri, Kritika Srinivasan; Rao, Mana

doi:10.1177/20499361221136751

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Normalmente circulam em animais silvestres como roedores e macacos, sendo de fundamental importância a vigilância epidemiológica para evitar que doenças por esses agentes tomem grandes proporções, atingindo inclusive o homem (SRINIVASAN., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Investigação de Poxvírus em amostras de roedores pertencentes ao bioma amazônico provenientes da região de Carajás, Pará

Melo¹,

Farias²,

Guerra³

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Introdução: Embora as medidas de controle e tratamento das doenças infecciosas tenham avançado nas últimas décadas, patógenos emergentes e reemergentes ainda compreendem a principal pauta de saúde pública no Brasil. Uma das maiores pandemias já registrada, foi ocasionada pelo vírus da Varíola (VARV). Que pertence ao gênero mais importante dentro da família Poxviridae, do ponto de vista da infecção em humanos, o Orthopoxvirus, neste estão os vírus, Vaccinia, Monkeypox e Cowpox. Dessa forma, apesar do vírus da varíola ter sido erradicado do Brasil desde 1980, outros poxvírus podem ocasionar doenças em humanos e animais. Objetivo: Investigar a existência de poxvírus em amostras de pequenos roedores pertencentes ao bioma amazônico, provenientes da região de Carajás no Estado do Pará. Material e métodos: Foram selecionadas 75 amostras de roedores, sendo 42 amostras de fígado e 33 de sangue, oriundas dos municípios de Canaã dos Carajás e Curionópolis, tais amostras fazem parte do acervo de materiais biológicos da Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas do Instituto Evandro Chagas. Apenas as amostras de fígado foram maceradas e levadas ao aparelho tissuelyser e posteriormente armazenadas em freezer -70ºC. Em seguida, foram inoculadas em cultivo de células de neuroblastoma humano (IMR-32) na tentativa de obter o isolamento viral. As células infectadas com as suspensões de fígado e sangue foram observadas por 7 dias para a detecção de possível efeito citopático viral e ao final deste período foi realizada a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) visando confirmar ou não a positividade da amostra. Resultados e Conclusão: Até o presente momento foram inoculadas 67 amostras, sendo possível observar alterações na monocamada celular de 36. O presente trabalho demonstrou a importância da vigilância visando o controle e prevenção de casos zoonóticos de poxvírus, na região Norte do país, sobretudo no estado do Pará, o qual apresenta densas áreas florestais com inúmeras espécies de animais que podem vir a ser reservatórios de tais agentes. A linhagem celular utilizada apesar de demonstrar alterações na monocamada celular pós-infecção, demonstrou uma menor eficiência quando comparada a estudos prévios com outras linhagens celulares. Além disso, as reações de IFI obtidas foram evidenciadas com reduzida reação fluorescente, demonstrando que talvez essa linhagem celular não seja o modelo ideal para a replicação do poxvírus.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Investigação de Poxvírus em amostras de roedores pertencentes ao bioma amazônico provenientes da região de Carajás, Pará

Melo¹,

Farias²,

Guerra³

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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“…It is also necessary to be proactive and design drugs and vaccines before these diseases infect humans at a mass scale. Moreover, the understanding of viral, biology, ecology, epidemiology, etiology, and immune and host reaction will be helpful in the design of further antiviral drugs and to determine their co-efficacious potential [ 57 ]. Viruses such as ectomelia (mousepox) and camelpox (mainly associated with infection in camels) have already placed a socio-economic burden, and therefore, it is important to determine the pathological nature of other relevant viruses to avoid future infection incidences and to lessen the burden on healthcare and the economy as they incur considerable loss in terms of morbidity and mortality in camels, loss of weight, and reduction in overall milk yield, especially in camel-rearing countries [ 58 ].…”

Section: Other Poxviruses That Affect Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Overview of Viral Pathology, Immune Response, and Antiviral Strategies

Malik¹,

Ahmed

Ahsan

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Background: The years 2022–2023 witnessed a monkeypox virus (mpox) outbreak in some countries worldwide, where it exists in an endemic form. However, the number of infectious cases is continuously on the rise, and there has been an unexpected, drastic increase in cases that result from sustained transmission in non-endemic regions of the world. Under this scenario, it is pertinent for the world to be aware of healthcare threats to mpox infection. This review aimed to compile advanced data regarding the different aspects of mpox disease. Methods: A comprehensive strategy for the compilation of recent data was adopted to add data regarding mpox, biology, viral pathology, immune response, and brief details on the antiviral strategies under trial; the search was limited to 2016–2023. The aim is to make the scientific community aware of diverse aspects of mpox. Results: Consequently, detailed insights have been drawn with regard to the nature, epidemiology, etiology, and biological nature of mpox. Additionally, its host interaction and viral infectious cycle and immune interventions have been briefly elaborated. This comprehensively drawn literature review delivers brief insights into the biological nature, immune responses, and clinical developments in the form of therapeutics against mpox. This study will help scientists understand the biological nature and responses in hosts, which will further help clinicians with therapeutic handling, diagnosis, and treatment options. Conclusions: This study will provide updated information on mpox’s pathology, immune responses, and antiviral strategies. Moreover, it will also help the public to become educated on the healthcare-associated threat and take timely mitigation measures against expected mpox outbreaks in the future.

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“…Brincidofovir has been approved for treatment of smallpox in the US since June 2021 [66]. Brincidofovir (oral) is an analogue of the intravenous drug cidofovir, and may have an improved safety profile, namely less renal toxicity, compared to cidofovir [67].…”

Section: Brincidofovir and Cidofovirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features Present, Past & Future Prospective of Monkey Pox: A Orthopoxvirus

Shukla,

Rawat,

Rana

et al. 2023

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

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Some issues regarding the potential spread of monkeypox have arisen just as the international world is beginning to recover from the initial alarm that was caused by the probable spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the fact that parts of Africa have traditionally been more susceptible to monkeypox than other regions of the world, the majority of new cases that have been linked to the outbreak that began in 2022 have been reported in countries located in Europe and the western hemisphere. Despite the fact that a great number of organisations are working on contact-tracing activities at the moment, the origin of this outbreak is still unknown at this time. The monkeypox virus belongs to the family of viruses known as Poxviridae and the genus known as Orthopoxvirus. Following the eradication of smallpox across the globe in the 1970s, news of monkeypox caused widespread worry across the globe. Through vaccination with the smallpox virus, individuals were able to develop cross-immunity against monkeypox. After distribution of the smallpox vaccine was discontinued, the number of outbreaks of monkeypox rose. The monkeypox epidemic that occurred in the United States in 2003 was the first time that the disease gained extensive notice in the media. In spite of its name, the virus known as monkeypox is not transmitted by monkeys. Although a number of different kinds of rodents and other small mammals have been suggested as the primal hosts of the monkeypox virus, the virus's true lineage is still a mystery. The virus that causes monkeypox was first identified in macaque monkeys, which is where the disease was first seen. When monkeypox does transfer from one person to another, it often does so through a person's mucocutaneous lesions or through the respiratory droplets that they expel. However, this only happens very infrequently. However, supporting therapy can be given to reduce symptoms, and medications such tecovirimat may be administered in really severe cases. At this time, there is no specific treatment for patients who have infected the virus; however, supportive treatments can be given. It is debatable whether or not these treatments are successful in reducing symptoms because there are no concrete guidelines to follow in this regard.

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Poxvirus-driven human diseases and emerging therapeutics

Cited by 5 publications

References 87 publications

Investigação de Poxvírus em amostras de roedores pertencentes ao bioma amazônico provenientes da região de Carajás, Pará

Investigação de Poxvírus em amostras de roedores pertencentes ao bioma amazônico provenientes da região de Carajás, Pará

Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Overview of Viral Pathology, Immune Response, and Antiviral Strategies

Clinical Features Present, Past & Future Prospective of Monkey Pox: A Orthopoxvirus

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