Pox Infection Among Captive Peacocks

Falluji, M. M. Al; Tantawi, H. H.; Al-Bana, Anton S.; Sheikhly, S. Al

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-15.4.597

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Studies of APV outbreaks in captive birds has largely focused on poultry and domestic birds, primarily chickens and turkeys [79]. However, similar conditions occur with freeliving species in commercial farms, zoos, recovery centres, aviaries and captive-breeding programmes [22,41,44,[80][81][82][83][84] (Table S3). Confining birds brings together species and populations, and any parasites they might host, to form unnatural communities, often at artificially high concentrations.…”

Section: Outbreaks In Captive Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

Williams

Truchado

Benı́tez

2021

Microbiology Research

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Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds.

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Section: Outbreaks In Captive Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

Williams

Truchado

Benı́tez

2021

Microbiology Research

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“…More than 60 species of freeliving birds representing 20 families are known to contact the infection, like eagles (Hernández et al, 2001), mourning dove (Mete et al, 2001;Pledger, 2005), mynahs (Hsieh et al, 2005), starlings (Marsha & Richard, 1976), peafowl (Al-Falluji et al, 1979), shorttoed larks (Smits et al, 2005), partridges (Buenestado et al, 2004) and other wild birds (Reed & Schrader, 1989). Outbreaks of avian pox in birds have been reported in many countries (Bolte et al, 1999;Buenestado et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous form of pox infection among captive peafowl (Pavo cristatus) chicks

Khan¹,

Yousaf²,

Khan³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and lesions of avian pox in captive peafowl chicks. Overall values of morbidity, mortality and case fatality were 45.2%, 27.1% and 60.0%, respectively. The chicks of 9 to 12 weeks of age showed a significantly (PB0.001) higher prevalence rate than other age groups. The morbidity and mortality due to avian pox in peafowl chicks was significantly (PB0.001) reduced when kept in mosquito-proof cages and hatched under broody chicken hens. Morbidity due to poxvirus infection on the peafowl farm was 82%, 26% and 12% in successive years. This reduction might have been the result of the introduction of mosquito-proof nets after year 1, although this was not the subject of a controlled experiment. All of the peafowl chicks suffering from dry pox showed pustular and nodular lesions on eye lids, beak, legs and toes. Distribution of lesions in different body parts varied significantly (PB0.023). Lesion diameters were less than 1 cm (59.73%), 1 to 2 cm (23.75%) and more than 2 cm (16.87%). Histopathological studies revealed extensive proliferation of subdermal connective tissue and infiltration of heterophils and macrophages. The keratinocytes showed degenerative changes in the form of cytoplasmic vacuolation, ballooning and hyper-chromatic nuclei. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies) in keratinocytes were consistently present. It was concluded that avian pox rendered high morbidity, mortality and case fatality in peafowl chicks.

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