Power to gas: Technological overview, systems analysis and economic assessment for a case study in Germany

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

“…Assuming 80% renewable energy electricity in Germany's future energy system, short-term (5 h) and long-term storage (17 days) capacity requirements of 70 GWh for and 7.5 TWh have been predicted, which could be provided using synthetic gas [15]. However, PtG transformation and/or utilization pathways can significantly affect the overall efficiency and economics of the process [15].…”

“…However, PtG transformation and/or utilization pathways can significantly affect the overall efficiency and economics of the process [15]. Schiebahn et al [15] compared three alternative PtG options technically and economically, namely direct injection of either hydrogen or SNG into the natural gas grid, or utilization of hydrogen in a dedicated hydrogen infrastructure in fuel cell vehicles for road transport and industrial processes in Germany. These options were primarily for the purpose of storing excess wind electricity for total on-shore and off-shore generation capacities of 169 GW and 70 GW, respectively.…”

“…EU Directive 2009/28/EC asserts the use of appropriate grid and market-related operational measures for member states in order to minimize the curtailment of PtG involves low-or high-temperature electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, either as a final product injected into the gas grid, or directly fueling applications (e.g., industrial, mobility, power or water production), or as an intermediate product which may be converted to either synthetic natural gas (SNG) or syngas via methanation with carbon dioxide (CO2) [17][18][19]. Possible CO2 sources include biomass and fossil-based power plants, industrial facilities (e.g., steel, cement) and air [15]. Depending upon the CO2 source, specific separation processes, storage and transport options may be required, having different technical feasibilities and cost [15].…”

“…Possible CO2 sources include biomass and fossil-based power plants, industrial facilities (e.g., steel, cement) and air [15]. Depending upon the CO2 source, specific separation processes, storage and transport options may be required, having different technical feasibilities and cost [15]. PtL involves either electrolysis of water for hydrogen production and subsequent methanation, co-electrolysis of water PtG involves low-or high-temperature electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, either as a final product injected into the gas grid, or directly fueling applications (e.g., industrial, mobility, power or water production), or as an intermediate product which may be converted to either synthetic natural gas (SNG) or syngas via methanation with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [17][18][19].…”

Doświadczenia i perspektywy procesu Power to Gas

“…Zasilanie wodorem pojazdów może odbywać się z wykorzystaniem konwencjonalnych silników z wewnętrznym spalaniem (ICES -Internal Combustion Engines) lub na drodze spalania wodoru w ogniwach paliwowych pojazdów elektrycznych (FCV -Fuel Cell Vehicles). Wyniki prób uzasadniają stwierdzenia o niezawodnym działaniu układu paliwowego i silników przy zawartości H 2 w CNG do 30% [16], ale w takich przypadkach wymagane jest stosowanie kompozytowych zbiorników magazynowych. Możliwość zastosowania czystego wodoru w silnikach ICES była przedmiotem badań takich producentów samochodów jak: BMW, Ford, MAN i Mazda, ale ograniczono dalsze działania w tym zakresie, ponieważ osiągnięta sprawność była porównywalna z konwencjonalnymi ICES, dlatego w obszarze zastosowań czystego wodoru skoncentrowano się na badaniach FCV.…”