Power-to-gas and power-to-liquid for managing renewable electricity intermittency in the Alpine Region

Mesfun, Sennai; Sanchez, Daniel L.; Leduc, Sylvain; Wetterlund, Elisabeth; Lundgren, Joakim; Biberacher, Markus; Kraxner, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.020

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is an increasing need for production of renewable fuels for the transport sector. In this context, SOECs can play a major role for PtG and PtL applications, by the means of co‐electrolysis of H 2 O and CO 2 to synthesis gas (H 2 + CO), and further on to hydrocarbons . One of the promising scenarios is to use SOECs for methane production, which can be stored and distributed in the existing natural gas infrastructure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwinding Entangled Degradation Mechanisms in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Through Electrode Modifications and Impedance Analysis

Rao

Jensen²,

Sun

et al. 2019

Fuel Cells

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In the renewable energy scenario, energy storage is of essence. In this context, power‐to‐liquid (PtL) and power‐to‐gas (PtG) concepts have attracted large attention, where the use of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has a huge potential, due to their high conversion efficiencies. However, performance and durability of these cells still need to be improved for a large‐scale commercialization of the SOEC technology. It is often difficult to identify the various loss and degradation mechanisms limiting the cell performance and durability. This paper contributes to this scientific discussion, by providing a careful analysis of the degradation mechanisms occurring in three different cells during long‐term H2O and CO2 co‐electrolysis, at 1,200 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is measured before, during and after the electrolysis operation, and is utilized to address the individual electrode degradation mechanisms and the development of leaks through the electrolyte. Moreover, the leak rates under open circuit voltage (OCV) measurements were compared. In addition, microstructural analysis of the electrodes and electrolytes is related to the electrochemical findings to contribute to the discussion on the interdependency of the degradation mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwinding Entangled Degradation Mechanisms in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Through Electrode Modifications and Impedance Analysis

Rao

Jensen²,

Sun

et al. 2019

Fuel Cells

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“…5,9 While operating SOEC in co-electrolysis mode, syngas is produced which can be further converted downstream into various fuels which can be used for energy storage, transportation, heating etc. 4,6,7 In the context of PtG technology, production of methane is of particular interest due to the existing extensive infrastructure for storage and distribution. 2,4,6,8 An interesting aspect of co-electrolysis operation using SOEC is internal methane formation at high pressure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Durability of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Tested for Co-Electrolysis under Galvanostatic and Potentiostatic Conditions

Rao¹,

Sun²,

Hagen³

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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State-of-the-art SOECs consisting of a nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) fuel electrode, YSZ electrolyte and lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite-gadolinium doped ceria (LSCF-GDC) composite oxygen electrode were tested under co-electrolysis (H 2 O+CO 2 ) conditions. The aim in this study was to compare the SOEC durability under co-electrolysis conditions between galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes. Specifically, the cells were operated at 0.75 A/cm 2 (galvanostatic) and at 1.2 V (potentiostatic) at 750 • C for over 1000 hours. In both modes, a larger degradation was observed initially for the first 200 hours of testing, followed by a more stable performance over longer operating times. Interestingly, there was a difference in trends of serial and polarization resistances' evolution. In galvanostatic mode of operation, both increased while for potentiostatic mode only the polarization resistance increased over time. The difference of the degradation was attributed to the overpotentials being experienced by the cells in the respective modes. Trends of the area specific resistance (ASR) and detailed electrochemical analysis of the performance of the cell under durability conditions for both modes indicated that the degradation was due to both the fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode, with an additional contribution from fuel electrode in galvanostatic testing. Microstructural analysis also confirmed the degradation of the active fuel electrode.

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“…Mesfun et al [81] explored the economic feasibilities of PtG and PtL processes to convert surplus renewable electricity to SNG (as a district heating fuel substitute), methanol (as a gasoline substitute for transportation) in the Alpine region, including Austrian, French, German, Italian, Slovenian, and Swiss territories. The renewable mix consisted of biomass (converted to heat, power, and biofuels, using biomass steam turbines, CHP, and integrated gasification combined cycles), constant hydroelectric power, solar PV and wind.…”

Section: Alpine Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

Eveloy

Gebreegziabher

2018

Energies

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Technical, economic and environmental assessments of projected power-to-gas (PtG) deployment scenarios at distributed-to national-scale are reviewed, as well as their extensions to nuclear-assisted renewable hydrogen. Their collective research trends, outcomes, challenges and limitations are highlighted, leading to suggested future work areas. These studies have focused on the conversion of excess wind and solar photovoltaic electricity in European-based energy systems using low-temperature electrolysis technologies. Synthetic natural gas, either solely or with hydrogen, has been the most frequent PtG product. However, the spectrum of possible deployment scenarios has been incompletely explored to date, in terms of geographical/sectorial application environment, electricity generation technology, and PtG processes, products and their end-uses to meet a given energy system demand portfolio. Suggested areas of focus include PtG deployment scenarios: (i) incorporating concentrated solar-and/or hybrid renewable generation technologies; (ii) for energy systems facing high cooling and/or water desalination/treatment demands; (iii) employing high-temperature and/or hybrid hydrogen production processes; and (iv) involving PtG material/energy integrations with other installations/sectors. In terms of PtG deployment simulation, suggested areas include the use of dynamic and load/utilization factor-dependent performance characteristics, dynamic commodity prices, more systematic comparisons between power-to-what potential deployment options and between product end-uses, more holistic performance criteria, and formal optimizations.

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Power-to-gas and power-to-liquid for managing renewable electricity intermittency in the Alpine Region

Abstract: Power-togas and power-to-liquid enable large scale integration of renewables.  Power-togas and power-to-liquid allow decarbonizing diverse CO 2-emitting sectors.  Scenarios pertaining to the impact of carbon policy and fossil prices investigated.

Cited by 81 publications

References 41 publications

Unwinding Entangled Degradation Mechanisms in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Through Electrode Modifications and Impedance Analysis

Unwinding Entangled Degradation Mechanisms in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Through Electrode Modifications and Impedance Analysis

A Comparative Study of Durability of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Tested for Co-Electrolysis under Galvanostatic and Potentiostatic Conditions

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

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