“…Hence, other possible AHFs based on other PE converters should be utilized for more economic and flexible solutions. There is a great body of literature about the possible utilization of ESSs for PQ improvement [2,4,6,7,11,13,27]. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, the coordinated operation of ESSs for PQ problems has not been paid attention thus far.…”
Section: Active Harmonic Filtersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The battery storage system is currently the most promising ESS due to economic considerations and mature technology [27]. A smart battery controller was proposed in [11] for enhancing the PQ and adjusting steady-state voltage and frequency of MG. An investigation was made in [13] into the PQ of wind turbines with and without ESSs and the results showed the positive effects of ESSs as a solution for the mitigation of wind turbine harmonics.…”
Section: Application Of Esss For Harmonic Compensationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the provided harmonic current compensation is injected to the MG in different nodes, these constraints are essential for calculations of the flow of harmonic powers. The constraints of Equations (24) and (25) are the harmonic counterparts of fundamental power flow previously shown in Equations (12) and (13). Furthermore, the harmonic spectrum approach is used for the harmonic modeling of nonlinear loads [33].…”
Section: Coordinated Operation Of Esss As Ahfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The developed model in Equations (14)- (27) is the complete model proposed for the coordinated operation of ESSs working as AHFs. It should be noted that the operation model of Equations (2)- (13) and the ESS-AHF model of Equations (14)- (27) are related and the ESS-AHF model will be implemented after the operation model. Hence, the ESS-AHF model could be accounted for as a sequential model, as shown in Figure 5.…”
Section: Coordinated Operation Of Esss As Ahfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In [12], the optimal planning of ESSs for the mitigation of PQ problems was investigated to make ESSs more reasonable to be used in power systems. An investigation was made in [13] on the PQ of wind turbines with and without ESSs. The result shows the positive effects of ESSs as a solution for the mitigation of the harmonics of wind turbines.…”
Energy storage systems (ESSs) bring various opportunities for a more reliable and flexible operation of microgrids (MGs). Among them, energy arbitrage and ancillary services are the most investigated application of ESSs. Furthermore, it has been shown that some other services could also be provided by ESSs such as power quality (PQ) improvements. This issue could be more challenging in MGs with widespread nonlinear loads injecting harmonic currents to the MG. In this paper, the feasibility of ESSs to act as coordinated active harmonic filters (AHF) for distributed compensation was investigated. An optimization model was proposed for the coordination of the harmonic compensation activities of ESSs. The model takes into account the various technical and systematic constraints to economically determine the required reference currents of various AHFs. Simulation cases showed the performance of the proposed model for enhancing the harmonic filtering capability of the MG, reduction in the compensation cost, and more flexibility of the distributed harmonic compensation schemes. It was also shown that ESS activities in harmonic compensation do not have much of an effect on the ESSs revenue from energy arbitrage. Hence, it could make ESSs more justifiable for use in MGs.
“…Hence, other possible AHFs based on other PE converters should be utilized for more economic and flexible solutions. There is a great body of literature about the possible utilization of ESSs for PQ improvement [2,4,6,7,11,13,27]. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, the coordinated operation of ESSs for PQ problems has not been paid attention thus far.…”
Section: Active Harmonic Filtersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The battery storage system is currently the most promising ESS due to economic considerations and mature technology [27]. A smart battery controller was proposed in [11] for enhancing the PQ and adjusting steady-state voltage and frequency of MG. An investigation was made in [13] into the PQ of wind turbines with and without ESSs and the results showed the positive effects of ESSs as a solution for the mitigation of wind turbine harmonics.…”
Section: Application Of Esss For Harmonic Compensationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the provided harmonic current compensation is injected to the MG in different nodes, these constraints are essential for calculations of the flow of harmonic powers. The constraints of Equations (24) and (25) are the harmonic counterparts of fundamental power flow previously shown in Equations (12) and (13). Furthermore, the harmonic spectrum approach is used for the harmonic modeling of nonlinear loads [33].…”
Section: Coordinated Operation Of Esss As Ahfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The developed model in Equations (14)- (27) is the complete model proposed for the coordinated operation of ESSs working as AHFs. It should be noted that the operation model of Equations (2)- (13) and the ESS-AHF model of Equations (14)- (27) are related and the ESS-AHF model will be implemented after the operation model. Hence, the ESS-AHF model could be accounted for as a sequential model, as shown in Figure 5.…”
Section: Coordinated Operation Of Esss As Ahfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In [12], the optimal planning of ESSs for the mitigation of PQ problems was investigated to make ESSs more reasonable to be used in power systems. An investigation was made in [13] on the PQ of wind turbines with and without ESSs. The result shows the positive effects of ESSs as a solution for the mitigation of the harmonics of wind turbines.…”
Energy storage systems (ESSs) bring various opportunities for a more reliable and flexible operation of microgrids (MGs). Among them, energy arbitrage and ancillary services are the most investigated application of ESSs. Furthermore, it has been shown that some other services could also be provided by ESSs such as power quality (PQ) improvements. This issue could be more challenging in MGs with widespread nonlinear loads injecting harmonic currents to the MG. In this paper, the feasibility of ESSs to act as coordinated active harmonic filters (AHF) for distributed compensation was investigated. An optimization model was proposed for the coordination of the harmonic compensation activities of ESSs. The model takes into account the various technical and systematic constraints to economically determine the required reference currents of various AHFs. Simulation cases showed the performance of the proposed model for enhancing the harmonic filtering capability of the MG, reduction in the compensation cost, and more flexibility of the distributed harmonic compensation schemes. It was also shown that ESS activities in harmonic compensation do not have much of an effect on the ESSs revenue from energy arbitrage. Hence, it could make ESSs more justifiable for use in MGs.
Within the context of carbon control strategies, the development and utilization of renewable energy emerge as indispensable pathways to addressing the energy crisis and environmental challenges. The substantial increase in the share of electricity generated from renewable sources introduces issues such as instability and intermittency, posing significant challenges to the stability of the electrical grid. Consequently, enhancing the flexibility of coalfired power units is of paramount importance for maintaining the balance of supply and demand within the power system and managing grid fluctuations. Ammonia energy storage, as an innovative chemical storage solution, is regarded as an effective approach to augment the power system's capability to incorporate renewable energy generation and enhance the flexibility of coal-fired power plants. This paper summarizes three carbon reduction technologies and methodologies within the framework of carbon control strategies, elucidating the advantages and value that ammonia contributes to the process of increasing power plant flexibility. It proposes a method for coupling green power with conventional thermal power through electrolytic ammonia production, tailored for power plants. Additionally, it identifies two principal applications of ammonia within power plants as a carbon-free fuel and absorbent. Finally, it anticipates the future development trends and challenges of ammonia's role in enhancing power plant flexibility.
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