Power monitoring in dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides

Kumar, Ashwani; Gosciniak, Jacek; Andersen, Thomas B.; Markey, Laurent; Dereux, Alain; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.002972

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, because the energy is mostly confined to the surface of the metal, highly efficient control of the waveguide-mode characteristics is possible. For example, power-monitoring [20] and switching [21] elements with high response speeds have been experimentally demonstrated in DLSPPWs. We used nanofabrication techniques to prepare our plasmonic waveguide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Visibility On-Chip Quantum Interference of Single Surface Plasmons

Cai

Ren

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. Applied

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Quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs) based on dielectric waveguides have been widely used in linear optical quantum computation. Recently, surface plasmons have been introduced to this application because they can confine and manipulate light beyond the diffraction limit. In this study, the on-chip quantum interference of two single surface plasmons was achieved using dielectric-loaded surface-plasmon-polariton waveguides. The high visibility (greater than 90%) proves the bosonic nature of single plasmons and emphasizes the feasibility of achieving basic quantum logic gates for linear optical quantum computation. The effect of intrinsic losses in plasmonic waveguides with regard to quantum information processing is also discussed. Although the influence of this effect was negligible in the current experiment, our studies reveal that such losses can dramatically reduce quantum interference visibility in certain cases; thus, quantum coherence must be carefully considered when designing QPIC devices.Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), in which multiple photonic functional components comprise a single chip, have attracted considerable attention owing to their small footprints, scalability, reduced power consumption, and enhanced processing stability. In addition to their wide application in classical information processing, integrated photonic quantum logic gates and Shor's quantum factoring algorithm have been demonstrated on these chips [1, 2]; thus, they show great feasibility and high operation fidelity. More recently, much effort has been dedicated to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are electron density waves excited at the interface between a metal and a dielectric material [3]to further condense PICs beyond the diffraction limit. Not only can SPPs confine light at the nanoscale [4], they are also useful for integrated polarization-controlling devices [5,6]. Studies using periodic metallic hole arrays provided the first experimental evidence that quantum entanglement can be preserved in the photon-SPP-photon conversion process [7][8][9]. Furthermore, the nonclassical statistics of SPPs have been demonstrated using basic quantum Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference [10], in both long-range plasmonic waveguides (weakly confining waveguide) [11] and sub-wavelength metal plasmonic waveguides [12]. These studies indicate that assembling quantum PICs (QPICs) using plasmonic components is possible.However, two obstacles remain that hinder the development of SPP-based QPICs. The first is that the experimental raw visibility of the quantum interference realized in plasmonic waveguides is below 50% [12], which is the boundary between classical and quantum interference. This low visibility is not compelling evidence that single plasmons are usable for quantum information processing. Interference visibility is so important that higher quantum interference visibility implies higher operation fidelity and a higher probability of success. For example, the HOM interference with 95% visibility * renxf@ustc.edu.c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Visibility On-Chip Quantum Interference of Single Surface Plasmons

Cai

Ren

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. Applied

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“…Small perforations or index changes at the interface can result in drastic changes to the SPPs properties allowing for a host of active devices [22]. Finally, the metallic nature of the plasmonic waveguide allows it to carry both optical and electrical signals [23]. This is particularly important for electro-optic chips and devices where a plasmonic waveguide could carry both DC power, or act as a ground contact for an in-line SPP filter or modulator, while carrying a high speed data stream of plasmons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration of titanium nitride plasmonic interconnects

et al. 2014

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Publication date: 2014 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Kinsey, N., Ferrera, M., Naik, G. V., Babicheva, V., Shalaev, V. M., & Boltasseva, A. (2014). Experimental demonstration of titanium nitride plasmonic interconnects. Optics Express, 22(10) Bozhevolnyi, "Long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides operating at telecommunication wavelengths," Opt. Lett. 36(21), 4278-4280 (2011). 46. R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, D. a. Genov, D. F. P. Pile, and X. Zhang, "A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation," Nature Photon. 2, 496-500 (2008).

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“…Alternatively, the photothermal effect has been used as a low-cost and convenient way to detect the light with wavelength ranging from UV to mid-IR [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. When light is absorbed by an absorber, the temperature of the absorber increases and the temperature variation can be measured easily using various techniques [34,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured responsivity is about 0.15 mV/mW (at a bias voltage of 2 V), which is relatively low due to the large footprint [37]. In 2011, Kumar et al demonstrated an improved power monitor with a dielectric-loaded surface plasmonic waveguide (DLSPW) [38]. A further improvement for the DLSPW power monitor was demonstrated in 2013 [39] by introducing a thermal insulator layer based on Cytop whose thermal conductivity coefficient is as low as κ = 0.12 W/(m × K).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Shi

et al. 2017

Nanophotonics

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Abstract:We propose and demonstrate an ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on a silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG), which consists of a metal strip, a silicon core, and a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) insulator layer between them. When light injected to an HPWG is absorbed by the metal strip, the temperature increases and the resistance of the metal strip changes accordingly due to the photothermal and thermal resistance effects of the metal. Therefore, the optical power variation can be monitored by measuring the resistance of the metal strip on the HPWG. To obtain the electrical signal for the resistance measurement conveniently, a Wheatstone bridge circuit is monolithically integrated with the HPWG on the same chip. As the HPWG has nanoscale light confinement, the present power monitor is as short as ~ 3 μm, which is the smallest photothermal power monitor reported until now. The compactness helps to improve the thermal efficiency and the response speed. For the present power monitor fabricated with simple fabrication processes, the measured responsivity is as high as about 17.7 mV/mW at a bias voltage of 2 V and the power dynamic range is as large as 35 dB.

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Power monitoring in dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

High-Visibility On-Chip Quantum Interference of Single Surface Plasmons

High-Visibility On-Chip Quantum Interference of Single Surface Plasmons

Experimental demonstration of titanium nitride plasmonic interconnects

Ultracompact on-chip photothermal power monitor based on silicon hybrid plasmonic waveguides

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