In this paper, we address mainly 2 important issues, namely, characterizing cochannel interference and enforcing a minimum distance between femtocell base stations (FCBSs) for reusing resources in FCBSs deployed in a 3-dimentional multi-floor building. Each floor is modeled as a group of square-grid apartments, with one FCBS per apartment. We propose a simple yet reasonable analytical model by using planar-Wyner model for intra-floor interference and linear-Wyner model for inter-floor interference modeling in a 3-dimensional multi-floor building to derive a minimum distance between co-channel FCBSs for optimization constraints, namely, link level interference, spectral efficiency, and capacity. As opposed to orthogonal resource reuse and allocation (ORRA) where resources are reused once, using the proposed model, we develop 2 strategies for reusing resources more than once, that is, non-ORRA, within a multi-floor building. An algorithm of the proposed model is developed by including an application of the model to an ultra-dense deployment of multi-floor buildings. With an extensive numerical analysis and system level simulation, we demonstrate the capacity outperformance of non-ORRA over ORRA by manifold. Further, with a fairly accurate yet realistic estimation, we show that the expected spectral efficiency of fifth-generation networks can be achieved by applying the proposed model to an ultra-dense deployment of FCBSs. KEYWORDS 3D, 5G, in-building, interference, minimum distance, resource reuse
| INTRODUCTIONNetwork densification is one of the key enablers to achieve an expected capacity and spectral efficiency of fifth generation (5G) mobile networks 1 through reusing resources in small cells (SCs), such as femtocells (FCs). Reuse of resources in FCs relies on the inter-FC distance, which is a function of cochannel interference (CCI) generated from neighboring FCs. In urban environments, where an existence of thousands of 3-dimensional (3D) multi-floor buildings is an obvious scenario, modeling CCI and a minimum distance between FCs in 3D multi-floor scenario, for example, office buildings and residential areas, to address a high data rate demand of 5G networks have become one of the major growing concerns.Typically, interference in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has been studied considerably in 2-dimensional (2D) scenario. 2 Modeling 2D interference is simple but not accurate enough for multi-floor buildings because it cannot capture complex combinations of deployment and propagation effect existing in realistic 3D multi-floor buildings. Authors in Ref. 2 investigated the impact of 3-dimensionality of FC deployments on cross-tier and co-tier interferences by using realistic building data, showed that the interference effect of FCs in urban 3D scenario is significantly higher than that when considering 2D case, and proposed to model HetNets in 3D scenario rather than 2D. Note that with 2D scenario, we infer that SCs, that is, FCs, are located within either closed indoor coverages, for example, a single-floored