Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)-Ceramic Composite Adsorbent for Iron and Aluminum Cations Removal from Acid Mine Drainage

Abstract

Acid mine drainage has become a serious problem globally, polluting groundwater with heavy metals. Adsorption is considered a simple and effective approach to addressing this emerging issue. A commonly used adsorbent is powdered activated carbon (PAC), but this is susceptible to being washed into the waste stream, either during or after the adsorption process due to its low density. This research combined PAC with clay that was molded into small clay balls (~1 cm in diameter) then baked at a very high temperature of 1000 °C to create a ceramic adsorbent. The adsorbent activation used NaOH 48% alkali solution to improve its capability in binding metallic cations. This research demonstrated that the PAC-ceramic composite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum) cations from acid mine drainage. The results showed that the most favorable contaminant removal was 60.87% for Fe and 52.13% for Al, using a PAC:clay ratio of 45:55 (w/w) in 10 hours contact time.

Experimental study of gas adsorption using high-performance activated carbon: Propane adsorption isotherm

“…The full set of helium equilibrium data points is used to calculate the dead volume and create Figure 4. Equations ( 8), (9), and (10) were used to create the plot for the specific adsorption of propane shown in Figure 5. Propane data at 30°C 8 bar had been gathered but was found to have procedural error and was removed from the data set.…”

“…The results of the methane study are shown in Figure 1. Current uses of activated carbon include filtration to create drinking water, ingestion to treat poisoning by preventing the uptake of poisons into the victim, treating air pollution, and purifying other liquids and gases [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. The high surface area of activated carbon allows it to perform well in these filtration and extraction roles based on its adsorptive capabilities.…”