Abstract. Increasing textile industries in Indonesia resulted in increasing the utilization of dyes. The use of synthetic dyes are still dominating because they have many advantages. But, synthetic dyes are difficult to decompose in nature so they can cause potential pollution if discharged directly into the environment. In this study, Procion Red was used as a model of synthetic dye wastewater. The objective of this research is to study the effect of TiO2 catalyst concentration and irradiation time on the degradation of Procion Red under solar irradiation. Photo degradation takes place by using TiO2 catalyst powder in the various concentration of Procion Red of 150-300 ppm. The various concentrations of TiO2 catalyst of 0.5-8 g/l were used. The color and COD degradation of Procion Red for 12 hours of solar irradiation were investigated. Color degradation was measured by using a spectrophotometer. While COD degradation was measured by using Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (FAS) analysis method. The result showed when using Procion Red of 150 ppm, the highest color degradation of 100% was achieved by using TiO2 catalyst of 6 g/l and the highest COD degradation of 62% was obtained by using TiO2 catalyst of 8 g/l, under 12 hours of solar irradiation
Natural Zeolites in powdered form have commonly used as adsorbent and one of the most crucial compound in water treatment plant, in filter system of petrochemicals or other processes under environmentally, physically and chemically conditions. But in the form of powder, zeolites are easily washed out in liquid or gas stream. Therefore, a modification would be necessary to solve this problem. Zeolites and clay were modified into ceramic adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal pollutant that is hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) contained in electroplating industrial effluents. Zeolite and clay were mixed evenly and molded into small balls with 5-6 mm diameter and dried at 1000 o C for 48 hrs. This adsorbent was activated with HCl 32% solution for 1 hr to enhance its adsorption potential. Ten samples with various ratios of zeolite:clay (3:37-12:28) with the total adsorbent mass of 1000 g was examined. Cr (VI) uptake in liquid wastewater was studied by varying contact time and the ratio of zeolite and clay. The effect of activation treatment with HCl 32% solution on adsorption performance of zeolite ceramic adsorbent was also investigated. Analysis of wastewater output indicates a reduction of hexavalent chromium concentration reaches 99.45% at contact time 10 h with 12:28 ratio of activated adsorbent. This shown that the process of adsorption had greatly reduced the contamination of Cr (VI) and may have been a solution for environment problem regarding wastewater containing Cr (VI).
Repeatedly use of cooking oil can cause increasing free fatty acids and peroxide value contained. Therefore, continuous exposure to used cooking oil has known resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and also to human health. Hence, it is necessary to purify used cooking oil before it is discharged to the environment. Durian peel contains high cellulose ranging from 50% - 60%, which is eligible to be used as carbon adsorbent’s raw material for used cooking oil purification. This study produced a kind of carbon adsorbent from durian peel through a carbonization process that lasted for 2 hours at 500°C combustion temperature with a chemical activation using H2SO4 1 N. This study was carried out with the adsorbent weight of 6 grams and various contact times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The most favorable results obtained after contact time was 0.0637% of free fatty acid, 0.41 meq O2/kg of peroxide value, and 0.9022 gr/ml of density, respectively, at 150 minutes contact time.
Using powdered activated carbon as the adsorbent is very common nowadays, but the problem arises due to its light structure makes it easily washed out after or during the adsorption process. This research provides a method to combine powdered activated carbon with clay and modify them into ceramic adsorbent, the combination is molded into small balls and then baked in a furnace at a high temperature of 1000 o C. Activated carbon has been known for so many years as an effective adsorbent, but its use to adsorb heavy metals in acid mine drainage needs improvements to meet our expectation, chemical activation is one of the methods should be applied to enhance its adsorption capacity. The adsorbent is activated using alkali solution of NaOH 48% to fill its negative charge to enhance its ability in capturing heavy metallic cations contained in acid mine drainage. This research has proved that the adsorbent used is highly effective to reduce heavy metals pollutant in acid mine drainage, its adsorption capacity reaches most favorable results of 72.33% for Mn and 98.81% for Al at activated carbon:clay ratio 11:29 on contact time 300 min where pH increase is from 4 to 7.1. This may prove that the activated carbon ceramics adsorbent is effective enough to solve the acid mine drainage problem.
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