Poverty Reduction Through Promoting Alternative Livelihoods: Implications for Marginal Drylands

Adhikari, Bhim

doi:10.1002/jid.1820

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…But adaptation and poverty alleviation are embedded in social relations and decision-making power [84] and the ability to adapt in terms of avoiding, controlling, or coping with climate change impacts on resources is deeply differentiated, especially where infrastructure is deficient [85]. Governments, local authorities and other relevant agencies must therefore enable transitions to much more sustainable livelihood activities, practices and strategies [86] including those of agroecology [87]. Below, I will go to the core of the argument and show what lessons we can learn from development, especially on gender, as a major social process closely associated with climate change responses.…”

Section: What About Scales: Community Based or Multi-scalar Adaptatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

What about Gender in Climate Change? Twelve Feminist Lessons from Development

Jerneck

2018

Sustainability

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Adaptation and mitigation are two key responses to climate change. In the global South they prompt many questions: what is the direction and degree of change needed? How can new climate change policies be aligned with existing development initiatives? How are core social relations such as gender understood and prioritized in relation to technical and other solutions? In search of synergies between adaptation, development and mitigation, this article asks a pertinent question for sub-Saharan small-scale agriculture in particular: what can adaptation and mitigation learn from development debates on social goal setting, institutional change and gender equality? From the perspective of sustainability science and feminist literature, three main findings emerge. First, as regards social goal setting, adaptation and mitigation should, like development, support the escape out of poverty, ill-health and food-insecurity. Second, as regards institutions, adaptation and mitigation should address how gender regulates access to, use of and control over resources in terms of labor, land and strategic decision-making power. Third, as regards gender equality, adaptation and mitigation should learn from how development in theory and practice has addressed gender, women, nature and the environment. At its core, the analysis contributes twelve salient themes that can significantly inform adaptation and mitigation in research, policy and practice, thus serving as inspiration for a critical debate on much needed synergetic trajectories.

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Section: What About Scales: Community Based or Multi-scalar Adaptatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

What about Gender in Climate Change? Twelve Feminist Lessons from Development

Jerneck

2018

Sustainability

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“…While much population growth is taking place in areas that are favorable for agriculture, many marginal environments are witnessing similar trends. For instance, in dryland areas human population growth increased 18.5 % globally between 1990 and 2000, and experts have noted that degradation demonstrates one of the greatest threats to both agricultural productivity and poverty reduction across dryland areas worldwide (Reardon et al 2002 ;Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 ;Adhikari 2011 ). Degradation is likely to be most severe where the returns on investments in land improvement are lowest and in regions with a relatively large proportion of marginal lands (Pingali 2001 base.…”

Section: Agriculture-environment Interactions In Marginal Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In SSA the predominant farming systems in the drylands include migratory livestock herding, agro-pastoral systems, and rainfed mixed cropping (Dixon et al 2001 ;Ruben et al 2007 ;UNDP 2009 ). Drought and water stress are the predominant environmental constraints, exacerbated in many areas by land degradation (Adhikari 2011 ).…”

Section: Poverty and Marginal Environments In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of 2003 more than 188 million people in SSA depended directly on degraded lands for their livelihoods and worldwide agricultural lands are substantially over-represented in their share of degraded land area (Bai et al 2008 and authors' calculations). Specifi cally among the drylands, degradation associated with agriculture is slightly more prevalent in the dry sub-humid and semi-arid areas than in the arid regions (Adhikari 2011 ). Estimates of agricultural productivity loss due to land degradation vary greatly and most are based on expert opinion or assumptions, with few rigorous experimental efforts (Ruben et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Poverty and Marginal Environments In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

2013

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Marginal areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have historically offered low productivity potential and low returns on investments in agricultural productivity growth. Population and agricultural market dynamics in Africa are improving the prospects for productivity-enhancing investments in this environment. In this chapter the authors introduce an opportunity cost framework to demonstrate where agricultural development is now an opportune strategy to reduce marginality in SSA and to guide strategic priority setting for public investment for the sustainable improvement of agricultural productivity. It then lays out policy and technology priorities for sustainable development of marginal production environments.

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“…However, some of the past food security interventions in the country largely focussed on identifying appropriate areas of investment, accelerating policy reforms, developing institutions to support private sector and creating comprehensive development strategies (World Bank, 2005;Adhikari, 2011). These intervention strategies however have given limited attention to smallholders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folk media forms and their potential for food security communication in eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

Kahssay¹

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This study examines the potential of folk media forms for food security communication in chronically food insecure areas in eastern Tigray, rural Ethiopia. Ethiopia has been reported as one of the most food insecure countries in the Sub-Saharan region despite the Ethiopian government has introduced diverse strategies to tackle rural food insecurity. It seems, however, that the communication approaches applied to take these strategies to rural communities have not been effective in alleviating food insecurity. Hence, the main questions of this study are: what is the potential of folk media forms for food security communication? Can these communication forms connect rural people to the food security programs in eastern Tigray? Specifically, this study analysed the current food security communication strategies in eastern Tigray, the role of folk media forms in contemporary society in eastern Tigray and their potential for food security communication. It also explored the opportunities and challenges to integrating folk media forms into food security communication strategies. The multiplicity paradigm of development was used as a lens for this study. This paradigm focuses on the cultural and social multiplicity perspectives emphasising on endogenous development and self-reliance of the people.Methodologically, this study employed an ethnographic research approach. Individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document reviews were used to collect data. To validate results from different data collection techniques, data analysis was made using methodological triangulation. The findings of the study show that there are no explicitly designed rural food security communication strategies in eastern Tigray but food security messages are communicated through frequent public meetings organised by the government representatives or development agents. Respondents indicated that public meetings are dominated by the views and interests of government officials and development agents that limited people's roles to participate in the strategy design and implementation of the food security programs. Therefore, despite frequent public meetings to communicate food security messages, meetings became unproductive to convey food security messages. Firstly, public meetings employ predominantly a top-down communication approach, which limits people's participation in the decision-making processes. Secondly, food security messages through public meetings are not communicated in the languages of the people (especially to the Irob people whom a number of them do not comprehend Tigrigna, the office working language). Thirdly, referring to the urgency of most of the government programs, three to five programs are addressed in a single meeting session that affects peoples' choices of what to prioritise out of all the topics addressed in a single meeting session.iii Both rural people and development agents expressed their conviction about the appropriateness of folk media forms to convey food sec...

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Poverty Reduction Through Promoting Alternative Livelihoods: Implications for Marginal Drylands

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

What about Gender in Climate Change? Twelve Feminist Lessons from Development

What about Gender in Climate Change? Twelve Feminist Lessons from Development

Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Folk media forms and their potential for food security communication in eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

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