Poverty, inequality, and populist politics in Iran

Salehi‐Isfahani, Djavad

doi:10.1007/s10888-007-9071-y

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Before it started to push birth control, the government had been busy building in rural areas infrastructure and health houses focused on child and maternal health care. These improvements substantially reduced poverty and the inequality of income compared with before the revolution (Salehi-Isfahani, 2009b). The messages on billboards across the country echoed the economist's view of a tradeoff between quantity and quality of children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics

2010

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During the first few years of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and aided by pro-natal government policies, Iranian fertility was on the rise. In a reversal of its population policy, in 1989, the government launched an ambitious and innovative family planning program aimed at rural families. By 2005, the program had covered more than 90% of the rural population and the average number of births per rural woman had declined to replacement level from about 8 births in the mid 1980s. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a particular feature of the program - health houses - on rural fertility, taking advantage of the variation in the timing of their construction across the country. We use three different methods to obtain a range of estimates for the impact of health houses on village-level fertility: difference-in-differences (DID), matching DID, and length of exposure. We find estimates of impact ranging from 4 to 20% of the decline in fertility during 1986-1996.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics

2010

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“…$100 per capita. The relative stability of the Rial in nominal terms led to real appreciation that helped to raise the imports and harmed non-oil exports (Salehi-Isfahani, 2009). The noteworthy point to mention here is that Iran has sold about 713 billion dollars oil during the past three decades .…”

Section: A Brief Overview On Socio-economic Policies In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty Changes during the Three Recent Development Plans in Iran (1995-2007)

Mahmoudi

2011

Afr Asian Stud

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the degree of poverty in Iran and how it changed over time during the second, third and fourth (first three years) five-year national development plans (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). It does this by documenting overall poverty levels and poverty within regional subgroups, using the micro-level data set of household expenditure survey conducted by the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI) in 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. I have found an increase in all poverty measures in rural regions and a decrease in urban areas during the second development plan (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999). The country as a whole also experienced a considerable poverty reduction over the third development plan (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) under Khatami's presidency. However, all poverty measures suggest that during Ahmadinejad Administration (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) poverty has risen. This paper also examines the distribution of poverty breakdown by the regional status of households in Iran. The incidence, intensity and severity of poverty are higher in rural than urban areas in Iran. Regional decompositions show that although poverty was spread throughout the country, the intensity of poverty in some provinces such as Systan-Balochestan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Hamadan and Ilam was more pronounced. The results also suggest that the contribution of the "southeast" and "west" regions (including above mentioned provinces) to the national poverty were increased during the second, third and fourth plans. This might be attributed to the fact that these provinces were more affected by eight-year long Iran-Iraq war, immigration of refuges from neighbours countries and drought.

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“…A 2009 comprehensive picture of poverty and income inequality in Iran provided by Salehi-Isfahani concluded that, in spite of declining poverty and inequality immediately following the revolution in Iran, income inequalities had increased in recent years [19]. Despite the NDP’s focus on improving health care access and equality, to date there are no studies evaluating the trend in health care expenditure inequality during the period of Iran’s four NDPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health inequalities and development plans in Iran; an analysis of the past three decades (1984–2010)

Zare

Trujillo

Driessen

et al. 2014

Int J Equity Health

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IntroductionReducing inequalities in health care is one of the main challenges in all countries. In Iran as in other oil-exporting upper middle income countries, we expected to witness fewer inequalities especially in the health sector with the increase in governmental revenues.MethodsThis study presents an inequalities assessment of health care expenditures in Iran. We used data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) in Iran from 1984–2010. The analysis included 308,735 urban and 342,532 rural households.ResultsThe results suggest heightened inequality in health care expenditures in Iran over the past three decades, including an increase in the gap between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, inflation has affected the poor more than the rich. The Kakwani progressivity index in all years is positive, averaging 0.436 in rural and 0.470 in urban areas during the time period of analysis. Compared to inequality in income distribution over the last 30 years, health expenditures continuously show more inequality and progressivity over the same period of time.ConclusionsAccording to the result of our study, during this period Iran introduced four National Development Plans (NDPs); however, the NDPs failed to provide sustainable strategies for reducing inequalities in health care expenditures. Policies that protect vulnerable groups should be prioritized.

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Poverty, inequality, and populist politics in Iran

Abstract: Poverty, Inequality, Iran, Islamic Revolution, Populism, D63, D72, N35,

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics

Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics

Poverty Changes during the Three Recent Development Plans in Iran (1995-2007)

Health inequalities and development plans in Iran; an analysis of the past three decades (1984–2010)

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